Linux下多线程下载工具MWget和Axel使用介绍

linux运维在操作linux过程中,用得最多的linux下载工具想必一定是wget,没有看到哪一台服务器没装过wget的,或许有人使用ftp下载，也有人使用多线程的axel以及ProZilla,毫无疑问这两个工具都非常的出色,但是对于习惯使用wget的人来说显得不适应,于是老外便开发了多线程版本的wget工具mwget,m表示multi多线程的意思.

mwget
官方地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/kmphpfm/?source=dlp

# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/kmphpfm/mwget/0.1/mwget_0.1.0.orig.tar.bz2
# tar -xjvf mwget_0.1.0.orig.tar.bz2
# cd mwget_0.1.0.orig
# ./configure
# make
# make install

configure过程中如果出现如下错误，请安装大于等于0.35版本的intltool

checking for intltool >= 0.35.0... ./configure: line 6824: intltool-update: command not found
found
configure: error: Your intltool is too old. You need intltool 0.35.0 or later.
# yum install intltool

wget vs mwget速度测试
以下使用下载2.4.5版本的mongodb来取样.
mwget速度测试

# mwget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.4.5.tgz
Begin to download: mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.4.5.tgz
FileSize: 90M
36% [====> =====> ===> ====> ] [ 33M] [2.0M/s] [ETA:00:28]

mwget速度截图如下：

wget速度测试

# wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.4.5.tgz
--2013-08-16 10:55:23-- http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.4.5.tgz
Resolving fastdl.mongodb.org... 54.230.114.206, 54.230.113.36, 54.230.114.144, ...
Connecting to fastdl.mongodb.org|54.230.114.206|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 94827295 (90M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: “mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.4.5.tgz.1”

6% [==> ] 6,470,547 210K/s eta 6m 26s

wget速度截图如下

mwget用法：

# mwget -h
GNU MWget 0.1.0 ,a non-interactive and multiline network retriever of all POSTIX Systems.
Usage: mwget [Options]... [URL]...
Options:
-b, --debug Show the debug message
-c, --count=num Set the retry count to [num], no limit when "0", the default is "99"
-d, --directory=dir Set the local direcotry to [dir], the default is "."
-f, --file=file Rename the file to [file]
-h, --help A brief summary of all the options
-i, --interval=num Set the ftp retry interval to [num] seconds, the default is "5"
-n, --number=num Use [num] connections instead of the default (4)
-r, --referer=URL Include `Referer: [URL]' header in HTTP request.
-t, --timeout=num Set the connection timeout to [num] seconds, the default is "30"
-v, --version Show the version of the mwget and exit
-x, --proxy=URL Set the proxy [URL]

Mail bug reports and suggestions to <sa@kmlinux.tk><xiao_suo@hotmail.com>
On website bug reports and suggestions to <http://mwget.sourceforge.net/> <http://www.kmlinux.tk/>
We Welcome your BUG REPORT!

Axel 
运维工作中，常常需要下载文件，因为网站下载速度限制或者网络等原因导致下载让人无法忍受，前面有介绍多线程wget工具mwget，提速不少，而且使用很简单。axel使用的人更多，不仅仅安装方法简单，命令更简单。往下看。
安装Axel
RPM安装Axel（方法一）
下载地址：http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/
如图，选择适合你服务器的RPM

root@ttlsa # wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
root@ttlsa # rpm -ivh axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:axel ########################################### [100%]

yum安装Axel（方法二）

root@ttlsa # yum install axel

apt-get安装Axel
如果你是Ubuntu系统

root@ttlsa # axel -h
Usage: axel [options] url1 [url2] [url...]

--max-speed=x           -s x    最大速度 (字节/秒)
--num-connections=x     -n x    最大连接数
--output=f              -o f    指定文件名
--search[=x]            -S [x]  Search for mirrors and download from x servers
--header=x              -H x    添加header
--user-agent=x          -U x    设置用户代理
--no-proxy              -N      不使用任何代理
--quiet                 -q      Leave stdout alone
--verbose               -v      显示更多状态信息
--alternate             -a      显示简单进度条
--help                  -h      帮助
--version               -V      版本信息
 axel使用实例
下载centos

root@ttlsa # axel http://mirrors.btte.net/centos/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [4654.5KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [4657.1KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [4656.5KB/s]
[ 1%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [4659.3KB/s]

下载运维生存时间某图片

root@ttlsa # axel http://www.ttlsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/<a href="http://www.ttlsa.com/monitor/zabbix/" title="zabbix"target="_blank">zabbix</a>-adduser-01.jpg
Initializing download: http://www.ttlsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/zabbix-adduser-01.jpg
File size: 73009 bytes
Opening output file zabbix-adduser-01.jpg
Starting download</p> <p>root@ttlsa # axel http://www.ttlsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/zabbix-adduser-01.jpg
Initializing download: http://www.ttlsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/zabbix-adduser-01.jpg
File size: 73009 bytes
Opening output file zabbix-adduser-01.jpg
Starting download

[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 598.0KB/s]
[ 70%] .......... .......... .
Connection 0 finished

Downloaded 71.3 kilobytes in 0 seconds. (710.02 KB/s)

简单进度条
默认情况下，整个屏幕都是进度条，加上-a参数，进度条类似wget。

root@ttlsa # axel -a http://mirrors.btte.net/centos/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso 
Initializing download: http://mirrors.btte.net/centos/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4467982336 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
Starting download</p> <p>[ 1%] [0 1 2 3 ] [ 3.2MB/s] [21:47]

下载限速
ttlsa的网站带宽有限制，我要保证下载的同时又不影响用户的访问，例如限制为1MB/s的下载速度，如下可以看到速度基本保证在1MB以内。

root@ttlsa # axel -s 1024000 http://mirrors.btte.net/centos/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso 
Initializing download: http://mirrors.btte.net/centos/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
File size: 4467982336 bytes
Opening output file CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
State file found: 30522952 bytes downloaded, 4437459384 to go.
Starting download

,,,,,,,... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 394.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 689.2KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 879.5KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 974.5KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1086.4KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 967.5KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [ 943.8KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1021.0KB/s]
[ 0%] .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... [1066.1KB/s]

最后
完成，方法很简单，功能很简单。运维生存时间的服务器以及安装了axel，你的安装了吗？