get到的新技能

1.重拾选择器

（一）类选择器与id选择器的区别

　　W3C标准这样规定的，在同一个页面内，不允许有相同名字的id对象出现，但是允许相同名字的class。 这样，一般网站分为头，体，脚部分，因为考虑到它们在同一个页面只会出现一次，所以用id，其他的 ，比如说你定义了一个颜色为red的class，在同一个页面也许要多次用到，就用class定义。另外，当页 面中用到js或者要动态调用对象的时候，要用到id，所以要根据自己的情况运用。

（二）选择器分类

　　id 选择器 id是不能重复的 因此只能选择一个元素

　　类选择器 因为类名是可以重复使用的 因此 可以选择所有类名相同的元素

　　属性选择器 存在浏览器兼容性问题 ie6不支持，不过ie6的用户应该很少了，使用上也没多大影响

　　派生选择器 类似于a:hover p:first-letter这些是对某个元素的状态或者位置进行选择

2.可以解决框内字体居中的代码

　　style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"

3.取消滚动条代码

/*! normalize.css v3.0.3 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */

/**
* 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
* 2. Prevent iOS and IE text size adjust after device orientation change,
* without disabling user zoom.
*/

html {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}

/**
* Remove default margin.
*/

body {
margin: 0;
}

/* HTML5 display definitions
========================================================================== */

/**
* Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11
* and Firefox.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
*/

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}

/**
* 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
* 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/

audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
display: inline-block; /* 1 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}

/**
* Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
* Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
*/

audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}

/**
* Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
* Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
*/

[hidden],
template {
display: none;
}

/* Links
========================================================================== */

/**
* Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
*/

a {
background-color: transparent;
}

/**
* Improve readability of focused elements when they are also in an
* active/hover state.
*/

a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}

/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */

/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
*/

abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}

/**
* Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/

b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}

/**
* Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
*/

dfn {
font-style: italic;
}

/**
* Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
* contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/

h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}

/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
*/

mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}

/**
* Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
*/

small {
font-size: 80%;
}

/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
*/

sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup {
top: -0.5em;
}

sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}

/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */

/**
* Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
*/

img {
border: 0;
}

/**
* Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
*/

svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}

/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */

/**
* Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
*/

figure {
margin: 1em 40px;
}

/**
* Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
*/

hr {
box-sizing: content-box;
height: 0;
}

/**
* Contain overflow in all browsers.
*/

pre {
overflow: auto;
}

/**
* Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
*/

code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}

/* Forms
========================================================================== */

/**
* Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited
* styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set.
*/

/**
* 1. Correct color not being inherited.
* Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
* 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
* 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
color: inherit; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
margin: 0; /* 3 */
}

/**
* Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/

button {
overflow: visible;
}

/**
* Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
* All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
* Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
* Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
*/

button,
select {
text-transform: none;
}

/**
* 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
* and `video` controls.
* 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
* 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
* `input` and others.
*/

button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
}

/**
* Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
*/

button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}

/**
* Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
*/

button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}

/**
* Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
* the UA stylesheet.
*/

input {
line-height: normal;
}

/**
* It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements.
* Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
*
* 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
* 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
*/

input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
* Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain
* `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
* decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
*/

input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}

/**
* 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
* 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome.
*/

input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
}

/**
* Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
* Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
* padding (and `textfield` appearance).
*/

input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}

/**
* Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
*/

fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}

/**
* 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
* 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
*/

legend {
border: 0; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
* Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/

textarea {
overflow: auto;
}

/**
* Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
* NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
*/

optgroup {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Tables
========================================================================== */

/**
* Remove most spacing between table cells.
*/

table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}

td,
th {
padding: 0;
}

关于这一段代码很多地方看不懂，大致理解其用意就是去掉滚动条。先收起来，慢慢看。

4.”内联式“ ”外联式”大PK

　　我敲代码一直的习惯就是用内联式，总觉得简洁明了易看懂，我觉得外联式和内联式都一样，没有什么差别，直到我发现身边的人用的都是外联式，我才开始反思这个问题。

　　HTTP请求是比较昂贵的，CSS内联的话肯定会更快，因为把CSS放到HTML文件里，这意味着减少了一次HTTP请求。而外联的话就是 一次HTTP请求，但是可以缓存，当浏览器加载过这个文件时，第二次请求的时候是第缓存里读取的，所以第二次请求时是很快的，外联的CSS还可以重用代 码。那到底是使用内联还是外联呢？这就要看需求，如果一个页面不需要缓存时，也就是这个页面不太访问，或者访问不多的时候，比如注册页面，一般情况下人家 只会进入一次，不可能第次进入这个网站你都去注册，那就另当别论了，这个页面不需要缓存，把CSS放在Head里时可以缩短加载时间，提高用户体验。对于 经常访问的页面，外联肯定是不二的选择。

　　用外联式的一些小技巧就是把header,container，footer这些部位的代码分别写在不同的.css文件中，个人觉得这样写起来对于工程量较大的页面来讲会比较容易检错。