DNS部署（centos 6）

• DNS部署(主从)

安装环境：CentOS 6.8

准备两台主机：192.168.137.13（主DNS）、192.168.137.14（从DNS）

EPEL仓库使用阿里源

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm

192.168.137.13（主DNS）安装

yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-devel bind-chroot

检查

rpm -qa |grep bind

配置named.conf文件

mv /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
vim /etc/named.conf

options {
  version "1.1.1";
  listen-on port 53 {any;};
  directory "/var/named/chroot/etc/";
  pid-file "/var/named/chroot/var/run/named/named.pid";
  allow-query { any; };
  Dump-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/binddump.db";
  Statistics-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/named_stats";
  zone-statistics yes;
  memstatistics-file "log/mem_stats";
  empty-zones-enable no;
  forwarders {202.106.196.115;8.8.8.8; };
};

key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

controls {
       inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
               allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
 };

logging {
  channel warning {
    file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_warning" versions 10 size 10m;
    severity warning;
    print-category yes;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
  };
  channel general_dns {
    file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_log" versions 10 size 100m;
    severity info;
    print-category yes;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
  };
  category default {
    warning;
  };
  category queries {
    general_dns;
  };
};

include "/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf";

配置rndc.key文件

vim /etc/rndc.key
key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

配置rndc.conf文件

vim /etc/rndc.conf
key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

options {
        default-key "rndc-key";
        default-server 127.0.0.1;
        default-port 953;
};

配置view.conf文件

vim /var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf
view "View" {
  zone "swj.com" {
        type    master;
        file    "shhnwangjian.com.zone";
        allow-transfer {
                192.168.137.14;
        };
        notify  yes;
        also-notify {
                192.168.137.14;
        };
  };
};

配置shhnwangjian.com.zone文件

vim /var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600       ; 1 hour
swj.com                  IN SOA  op.swj.com. dns.swj.com. (
                                2000       ; serial
                                900        ; refresh (15 minutes)
                                600        ; retry (10 minutes)
                                86400      ; expire (1 day)
                                3600       ; minimum (1 hour)
                                )
                        NS      op.swj.com.
$ORIGIN swj.com.
shanks              A       1.2.3.4
op              A       1.2.3.4
a               A       1.2.3.4

1）Serial：只是一个序号，但这个序号可被用来作为slave与master更新的依据。

举例来说，master序号为100但slave序号为90时，那么这个zone file的资料就会被传送到slave来更新了。由于这个序号代表新旧资料，通常我们建议你可以利用日期来设定。例如上面的资料是在2015/10/20所写的第一次，所以用2015102001作为序号代表。（yyyymmddnn，nn代表这一天是第几次修改）

2）Refresh：除了根据Serial来判断新旧之外，我们可以利用这个refresh（更新）命令slave多久进行一次主动更新、

3）Retry：如果到了Refresh的时间，但是slave却无法连接到master时，那么在多久之后，slave会再次的主动尝试与主机连接。

4）Expire：如果slave一直无法与master连接上，那么经过多久的时间之后，则命令slave不要再连接了。也就是说，此时我们假设masterDNS可能遇到重大问题而无法上线，则等待系统管理员处理完毕后，再重新到slaveDNS重启bind。

5）Minimum：这个类似TTL。

修改目录权限，并启动服务

cd /var && chown -R named.named named/
/etc/init.d/named start
chkconfig named on

解析测试

dig @127.0.0.1 a.swj.com

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alt="" />

备注：修改配置文件可以执行rndc reload

192.168.137.14（从DNS）

yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-devel bind-chroot

配置named.conf文件

mv /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
vim /etc/named.conf

options {
  version "1.1.1";
  listen-on port 53 {any;};
  directory "/var/named/chroot/etc/";
  pid-file "/var/named/chroot/var/run/named/named.pid";
  allow-query { any; };
  Dump-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/binddump.db";
  Statistics-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/named_stats";
  zone-statistics yes;
  memstatistics-file "log/mem_stats";
  empty-zones-enable no;
  forwarders {202.106.196.115;8.8.8.8; };
};

key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

controls {
       inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
               allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
 };

logging {
  channel warning {
    file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_warning" versions 10 size 10m;
    severity warning;
    print-category yes;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
  };
  channel general_dns {
    file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_log" versions 10 size 100m;
    severity info;
    print-category yes;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
  };
  category default {
    warning;
  };
  category queries {
    general_dns;
  };
};

include "/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf";

配置rndc.key文件

vim /etc/rndc.key
key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

配置rndc.conf文件

vim /etc/rndc.conf
key "rndc-key" {
        algorithm hmac-md5;
        secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};

options {
        default-key "rndc-key";
        default-server 127.0.0.1;
        default-port 953;
};

备注：主从DNS主机配置named.conf、rndc.key、rndc.conf文件一样

配置view.conf文件

vim /var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf
view "SlaveView" {
        zone "swj.com" {
             type    slave;
             masters {192.168.137.13; };
             file    "slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone";
        };
};

修改目录权限，并启动服务

cd /var && chown -R named.named named/
/etc/init.d/named start
chkconfig named on

添加A、CNAME、MX、PTR记录（主DNS）

A记录

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录

a               A       192.168.1.100
将serial + 1

执行rndc reload

检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。

CNAME记录

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录

cname		CNAME	a.swj.com.
将serial + 1

执行rndc reload

检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。

测试 host a.swj.com 127.0.0.1

MX记录

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录

mx		MX 5	192.168.1.101
将serial + 1

执行rndc reload

检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。

测试 host mx.swj.com 127.0.0.1

PTR记录（反向解析）

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf，加入ptr的zone配置

  zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
	type	master;
  	file	"168.192.zone";
	allow-transfer{
		192.168.137.14;
	};
	notify	yes;
	also-notify{
		192.168.137.14;
	};
  };

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/168.192.zone

$TTL 3600       ; 1 hour
@                   IN SOA  op.swj.com. dns.swj.com. (
                                2003       ; serial
                                900        ; refresh (15 minutes)
                                600        ; retry (10 minutes)
                                86400      ; expire (1 day)
                                3600       ; minimum (1 hour)
                                )
                        NS      op.swj.com.
100.1				IN	PTR	a.swj.com.

修改168.192.zone文件属主

chown named.named 168.192.zone
rndc reload

编辑slave节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf，加入ptr的zone配置

        zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
             type    slave;
             masters {192.168.137.13; };
             file    "slave.168.192.zone";
        };

执行rndc reload

slava节点/var/named/chroot/etc目录下生成slave.168.192.zone文件。

解析测试: host 192.168.1.100 127.0.0.1

DNS实现服务的负载均衡

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录

a               A       192.168.1.102
将serial + 1

执行rndc reload

master和slave执行解析：nslookup a.swj.com 127.0.0.1，结果如下（轮询）

• 配置DNS视图（智能DNS）

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf，在include上面添加（对客户端IP分组）

acl group1 {
  192.168.137.13;
};

acl group2 {
  192.168.137.14;
};

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf

view "GROUP1" {
  match-clients { group1; };
  zone "viewswj.com" {
    type master;
	file "group1.viewswj.com.zone";
  };
};

view "GROUP2" {
  match-clients { group2; };
  zone "viewswj.com" {
    type master;
	file "group2.viewswj.com.zone";
  };
};

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/group1.viewswj.com.zone

$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600       ; 1 hour
viewswj.com                  IN SOA  op.viewswj.com. dns.viewswj.com. (
                                2000       ; serial
                                900        ; refresh (15 minutes)
                                600        ; retry (10 minutes)
                                86400      ; expire (1 day)
                                3600       ; minimum (1 hour)
                                )
                        NS      op.viewswj.com.
$ORIGIN viewswj.com.
view              A       192.168.122.1
op              A       192.168.122.1

编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/group2.viewswj.com.zone

$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600       ; 1 hour
viewswj.com                  IN SOA  op.viewswj.com. dns.viewswj.com. (
                                2000       ; serial
                                900        ; refresh (15 minutes)
                                600        ; retry (10 minutes)
                                86400      ; expire (1 day)
                                3600       ; minimum (1 hour)
                                )
                        NS      op.viewswj.com.
$ORIGIN viewswj.com.
view              A       192.168.122.2
op              A       192.168.122.2

修改文件属主，加载配置

chown named.named /var/named/chroot/etc/group*.zone
rndc reload

测试，在192.168.137.13主机上执行host view.viewswj.com 192.168.137.13

在192.168.137.14主机上执行host view.viewswj.com 192.168.137.13