[Python之路] bisect模块

bisect模块

bisect是Python提供的二分查找模块

源码如下：

"""Bisection algorithms."""

def insort_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
    """Insert item x in list a, and keep it sorted assuming a is sorted.

    If x is already in a, insert it to the right of the rightmost x.

    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
    slice of a to be searched.
    """

    if lo < 0:
        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
    if hi is None:
        hi = len(a)
    while lo < hi:
        mid = (lo+hi)//2
        if x < a[mid]: hi = mid
        else: lo = mid+1
    a.insert(lo, x)

def bisect_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
    """Return the index where to insert item x in list a, assuming a is sorted.

    The return value i is such that all e in a[:i] have e <= x, and all e in
    a[i:] have e > x.  So if x already appears in the list, a.insert(x) will
    insert just after the rightmost x already there.

    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
    slice of a to be searched.
    """

    if lo < 0:
        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
    if hi is None:
        hi = len(a)
    while lo < hi:
        mid = (lo+hi)//2
        if x < a[mid]: hi = mid
        else: lo = mid+1
    return lo

def insort_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
    """Insert item x in list a, and keep it sorted assuming a is sorted.

    If x is already in a, insert it to the left of the leftmost x.

    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
    slice of a to be searched.
    """

    if lo < 0:
        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
    if hi is None:
        hi = len(a)
    while lo < hi:
        mid = (lo+hi)//2
        if a[mid] < x: lo = mid+1
        else: hi = mid
    a.insert(lo, x)

def bisect_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):
    """Return the index where to insert item x in list a, assuming a is sorted.

    The return value i is such that all e in a[:i] have e < x, and all e in
    a[i:] have e >= x.  So if x already appears in the list, a.insert(x) will
    insert just before the leftmost x already there.

    Optional args lo (default 0) and hi (default len(a)) bound the
    slice of a to be searched.
    """

    if lo < 0:
        raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')
    if hi is None:
        hi = len(a)
    while lo < hi:
        mid = (lo+hi)//2
        if a[mid] < x: lo = mid+1
        else: hi = mid
    return lo

# Overwrite above definitions with a fast C implementation
try:
    from _bisect import *
except ImportError:
    pass

# Create aliases
bisect = bisect_right
insort = insort_right

我们可以看到，bisect模块中一共只有4个函数：

insort_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None)
insort_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None)
bisect_right(a, x, lo=0, hi=None)
bisect_left(a, x, lo=0, hi=None)

他们的区别是，insort要执行插入操作，而bisect不执行插入操作，只找到该插入的index。left和right的区别是，如果列表中已经存在该值，left表示插在其左边，right表示插在其右边。

参数：

a:列表
x:要插入的数
lo:列表开始索引，默认为0
hi:列表结束索引，默认为len(a)

源码在最后提供了两个函数别名：

# Create aliases
bisect = bisect_right
insort = insort_right

bisect默认是bisect_right，insort默认是insort_right。