简易selenium自动化测试框架(Python)

最近空闲时间在探索Selenium的自动化测试，简单的写了一个小框架来测试公司的一个web产品。该框架包括以下模块：

1. Test case编写模式（page模式，参考之前的博文http://www.cnblogs.com/AlwinXu/p/5537955.html)

2. Test case的管理及执行 （主要是用nose）

　　该模块借助了一个外部txt文件来记录测试用例，每个用例为自身的文件名，如果不需要在本次执行，只需在文件名前添加一个“#”标识符就可以跳过该用例的执行。

3. 测试报告的生成（xml和html两种格式）

对于自动化测试而言，这些模块应该是最基本的配置了，当然还有一些辅助模块比如日志，其他公共库模块等需要根据具体的业务逐渐丰富。闲话少说，用代码交流吧。

测试用例编写

该模块用了Page模式，之前介绍过，这次只贴代码了

BasePage.py:

__author__ = 'xua'

#super class
class BasePage(object):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

然后是各个web page继承BasePage，LoginPage.py:

from BasePage import BasePage
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class LoginPage(BasePage):
    """description of class"""

    #page element identifier
    usename = (By.ID,'username')
    password = (By.ID, 'password')
    dialogTitle = (By.XPATH,'//html/body/div[7]/div/div/div[1]/h3')
    cancelButton = (By.XPATH,'//html/body/div[7]/div/div/div[3]/button[2]')

    #Get username textbox and input username
    def set_username(self,username):
        name = self.driver.find_element(*LoginPage.usename)
        name.send_keys(username)

    #Get password textbox and input password, then hit return
    def set_password(self, password):
        pwd = self.driver.find_element(*LoginPage.password)
        pwd.send_keys(password + Keys.RETURN)

    #Get pop up dialog title
    def get_DiaglogTitle(self):
        digTitle = self.driver.find_element(*LoginPage.dialogTitle)
        return digTitle.text

    #Get "cancel" button and then click
    def click_cancel(self):
        cancelbtn = self.driver.find_element(*LoginPage.cancelButton)
        cancelbtn.click()

测试用例信息类：

TestCaseInfo.py

class TestCaseInfo(object):
    """description of class"""

    def __init__(self, id="",name="",owner="",result="Failed",starttime="",endtime="",errorinfo=""):
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
        self.owner = owner
        self.result = result
        self.starttime = starttime
        self.endtime = endtime
        self.errorinfo = errorinfo

最后是每个测试用例的编写：（每个用例必须有自己的用例信息，这里有ID，Name等等信息，也会调用测试结果报告生成模块来添加测试结果）

Test_Login.py

__author__ = 'xua'

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.alert import Alert
import unittest
import time
from LoginPage import LoginPage
from TestCaseInfo import TestCaseInfo
from TestReport import TestReport

class Test_Login(unittest.TestCase):

    #Setup
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'C:\Users\xua\Downloads\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.base_url = "http://10.222.30.145:9000/"
        #test case information
        self.testcaseinfo = TestCaseInfo(id="",name="Login to floor manager lite using sbxadmin",owner="xua")
        self.testResult = TestReport()

    def test_Login(self):
        try:
            self.testcaseinfo.starttime = str(time.asctime())
            #Step1: open base site
            self.driver.get(self.base_url)
            #Step2: Open Login page
            login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)
            #Step3: Enter username
            login_page.set_username("sbXadmin")
            #Step4: Enter password
            login_page.set_password("IGTtest1")
            #Checkpoint1: Check popup dialog title
            self.assertEqual(login_page.get_DiaglogTitle(),"Sign in","Not Equal")
            #Step5: Cancel dialog
            login_page.click_cancel()
            self.testcaseinfo.result = "Pass"
        except Exception as err:
            self.testcaseinfo.errorinfo = str(err)
        finally:
            self.testcaseinfo.endtime = str(time.asctime())

    #tearDown
    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()
        #write test result
        self.testResult.WriteHTML(self.testcaseinfo)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

用例执行模块

1. 借助外部文件记录需要执行的用例

testcases.txt(带“#”标识的用例不会被执行):

Test_Login.py
Test_Login_2.py
#Test_Login_3.py
Test_Login_4.py

2. 利用nose的nosetests命令执行各个用例：

import subprocess

class RunTests(object):
    """description of class"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.testcaselistfile = "testcases.txt"

    #use nosetests command to execute test case list
    def LoadAndRunTestCases(self):
        f = open(self.testcaselistfile)
        testfiles = [test for test in f.readlines() if not test.startswith("#")]
        f.close()
        for item in testfiles:
            subprocess.call("nosetests "+str(item).replace("\\n",""),shell = True)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    newrun = RunTests()
    newrun.LoadAndRunTestCases()

测试结果报表生成模块

测试报表模块写了两种格式：xml和html

TestReport.py

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import os
import lxml.etree as mytree
from lxml import html

class TestReport(object):
    """description of class"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.testreport = "TestResult.xml"

    #If there is no "TestResult.xml", then create one
    def CreateTestResultFile(self):
        if os.path.exists(self.testreport) == False:
            newElem = ET.Element("TestCases")
            newTree = ET.ElementTree(newElem)
            newTree.write(self.testreport)

    #Write test result to xml
    def WriteResult(self,testcaseInfo):
        self.CreateTestResultFile()
        testResultFile = ET.parse(self.testreport)
        root = testResultFile.getroot()
        newElem = ET.Element("TestCase")
        newElem.attrib = {
            "ID":testcaseInfo.id,
            "Name":testcaseInfo.name,
            "Owner":testcaseInfo.owner,
            "Result":testcaseInfo.result,
            "StartTime":testcaseInfo.starttime,
            "EndTime":testcaseInfo.endtime,
            "ErrorInfo":testcaseInfo.errorinfo
            }
        root.append(newElem)

        testResultFile.write(self.testreport)

    #If there is no "TestResult.html" file exists, then create one with default style
    def CreateHtmlFile(self):
        if os.path.exists("TestResult.html") == False:
            f = open("TestResult.html",'w')
            message = """<html>
            <head>
                <title>Automation Test Result</title>
                <style>
                    table {
                            border-collapse: collapse;
                            padding: 15px;
                            font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
                            }
                    th{
                        background-color: green;
                        color: white;
                        border: 1px solid #ddd;
                        padding-bottom: 15px;
                        padding-top: 15px;
                    }
                    tr{
                        border: 1px solid #008000;
                        padding-bottom: 8px;
                        padding-top: 8px;
                        text-align: left;
                    }
                    td{
                        border: 1px solid #008000;
                    }
                </style>
            </head>
            <body>
                <h1>Automation Test Result</h1>
                <table>
                    <tr>
                        <th>ID</th>
                        <th>Name</th>
                        <th>Owner</th>
                        <th>Result</th>
                        <th>StartTime</th>
                        <th>EndTime</th>
                        <th>ErrorMessage</th>
                   </tr>
                </table>
            </body>
            </html>
            """
            f.write(message)
            f.close()

    #append new test result to testresult file
    def WriteHTML(self,testcaseinfo):

        self.CreateHtmlFile()

        f = open("TestResult.html","r")

        htmlcontent = f.read()
        f.close()
        tree = html.fromstring(htmlcontent)
        tableElem = tree.find(".//table")
        if testcaseinfo.result == "Failed":
            mytablerow = "<tr><td>{0}</td><td>{1}</td><td>{2}</td><td bgcolor=\"#FF0000\">{3}</td><td>{4}</td><td>{5}</td><td>{6}</td></tr>".format(testcaseinfo.id,testcaseinfo.name,testcaseinfo.owner,testcaseinfo.result,testcaseinfo.starttime,testcaseinfo.endtime,testcaseinfo.errorinfo)
        else:
            mytablerow = "<tr><td>{0}</td><td>{1}</td><td>{2}</td><td>{3}</td><td>{4}</td><td>{5}</td><td>{6}</td></tr>".format(testcaseinfo.id,testcaseinfo.name,testcaseinfo.owner,testcaseinfo.result,testcaseinfo.starttime,testcaseinfo.endtime,testcaseinfo.errorinfo)
        tableElem.append(mytree.HTML(str(mytablerow)))

        f = open("TestResult.html","w")
        #html.tostring
        newContent = repr(html.tostring(tree,method="html",with_tail=False))
        newContent = newContent.replace(r"\n","").replace(r"\t","").replace('b\'',"")
        newContent = newContent[:len(newContent)-1]
        f.write(newContent)
        f.close()

ok，最后看一下生成的测试报表：

总结

在网上有很多关于Selenium自动化的Best Practice，当然大家也可以根据自己的需求来DIY自己的框架，不管简陋与否，好用才是硬道理:)!