【Django】Django-REST-Framework

【创建简单的API】

1. cmd.exe

>django-admin startproject django_rest
>cd django_rest
\django_rest>python3 manage.py startapp api

2. setting.py 加应用

# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework',
'api',
] …
…
# 在文件末尾添加
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

3. 数据库迁移

① models.py 拷贝

② guest工程__init__.py  拷贝

③ setting.py 的数据库配置

④

python3 manage.py makemigrations api

python3 manage.py migrate

4. 创建超级管理员账号

cmd.exe

\django_rest>python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'): admin_rest
Email address: admin@mail.com
Password:admin123456
Password (again):admin123456
Superuser created successfully

5. 序列化

创建数据序列化， 创建.../api/serializers.py 文件

from django.contrib.auth.models import User,Group
from rest_framework import serializers

class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url','username','email','groups')

    class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = Group
            fields = ('url','name')

【备注】值得注意的是， 这里使用的是 HyperlinkedModelSerializer， 你可以使用主键或者其他关系， 但使用
HyperlinkedModelSerializer 是一个好的 RESTful 设计 

6. 创建视图  .../api/views.py 

7. URLs
打开.../django_rest/urls.py 文件， 添加路径的路由 

8. 启动服务
...\django_rest>python3 manage.py runserver 
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
November 21, 2016 - 21:50:18
Django version 1.10.3, using settings 'django_rest.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK. 
通过浏览器打开： http://127.0.0.1:8000/， 

【添加接口】

1. 点击页面右上角“Log in” 登录系统， 账号为刚刚创建的超级管理员帐号登录 



点击： http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/ 链接， 添加用户组。 图 13.4。 添加“test” 组和“developer” 组。
点击： http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/链接， 添加用户。 图 13.5。 添加用户“tom” 和“jack” 。




2. 练习写测试接口
test.py

import unittest
import requests

class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
    '''用户查询测试'''

    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'

    def test_user1(self):
        '''test user 1'''
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/1/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'admin')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'admin@mail.com')

    def test_user2(self):
        '''test user 2'''
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/2/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'admin_rest')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'admin_rest@mail.com')

    def test_user3(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/3/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'jack')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'jack@mail.com')

class GroupsTest(unittest.TestCase):
    '''用户组查询测试'''
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'

    def test_groups1(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/1/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'test')

    def test_groups2(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/2/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'developer')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

3. models.py 复制 guest项目的
4. 数据迁移，参考上方对应的
5. 添加发布会数据序列化， 打开.../api/serializers.py 文件， 添加 
……
from api.models import Event, Guest
……
class EventSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Event
fields = ('url','name','address','start_time','limit','status')
class GuestSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Guest
fields = ('url','realname','phone','email','sign','event')

6. 打开.../api/views.py 视图文件， 定义发布会视图类。 

from api.serializers import EventSerializer,GuestSerializer
from api.models import Event,Guest

# ViewSets define the view behavior.
class EventViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    '''
    API endpoint that allows events to be viewd or edited.
    '''
    queryset = Event.objects.all()
    serialize_class = EventSerializer

class GuestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    '''
    API endpoint that allows guests to be viewed or edited
    '''
    queryset = Guest.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GuestSerializer

7. 打开.../django_rest/urls.py 文件， 添加 URL 配置 

……
#Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
……
router.register(r'event', views.EventViewSet)
router.register(r'guest', views.GuestViewSet)
…… 

启动项目， 使用浏览器打开： http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 

【代码】
环境开户接口
api/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User,Group
from rest_framework import serializers
from api.models import Event,Guest

class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url','username','email','groups')

class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = Group
            fields = ('url','name')

class GuestSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Event
        fields = ('url','name','address','start_time','limit','status')

class EventSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Guest
        fields = ('url','realname','phone','email','sign','event')

url.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from rest_framework import routers
from api import views

#Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users',views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups',views.GroupViewSet)

router.register(r'event',views.EventViewSet)
router.register(r'guest',views.GuestViewSet)

#  Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally,we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^',include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^api-auth/',include('rest_framework.urls',namespace='rest_framework')),

]
#【备注】因为我们使用的是 viewset， 所以我们可以使用 routers 类自动生成 URL conf

tests.py

import unittest
import requests

class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
    '''用户查询测试'''

    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'

    def test_user1(self):
        '''test user 1'''
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/1/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'admin')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'admin@mail.com')

    def test_user2(self):
        '''test user 2'''
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/2/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'admin_rest')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'admin_rest@mail.com')

    def test_user3(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/3/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'jack')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'jack@mail.com')

class GroupsTest(unittest.TestCase):
    '''用户组查询测试'''
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'

    def test_groups1(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/1/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'test')

    def test_groups2(self):
        r = requests.get(self.base_url + '/2/',auth=('admin_rest','admin123456'))
        result = r.json()
        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'developer')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()