python学习之day6，常用标准模块

1.时间模块 time

 import  time
 #时间戳转字符串格式
 a = time.time()
 print(a)  #打印时间戳
 b = time.localtime(a)   #把时间戳转换成时间对象  元组的形式
 print(b)
 c = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",b)    #格式化时间  把事件对象转化成格式化的字符串
 print(c)
 #字符串时间转化为时间戳
 d = time.strptime("2016-11-14 09:37:26","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
 print(d)
 e = time.mktime(d)
 print(e)
 #时间加减
 import datetime
 print(datetime.datetime.now()) #返回 2016-08-19 12:47:03.941925
 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) )  # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19
 print(datetime.datetime.now() )
 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3)) #当前时间+3天
 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3)) #当前时间-3天
 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3)) #当前时间+3小时
 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)) #当前时间+30分
 c_time  = datetime.datetime.now()
 print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2)) #时间替换

2.random模块  生成随机字符

 import  random
 import string
 print( random.randint(1,2))  #包含1和2
 print(random.randrange(1,3))  #1和2 会出现，3不会出现
 #随机生成验证码或密码
 str_source = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
 suji = random.sample(str_source,8)
 print(suji)
 print("".join(suji))

3.shutil 模块     复制，删除，打包压缩

 import shutil
 #shutil.copy("time模块.py","a") #copy一个文件到另一个文件，包括文件内容和权限
 #shutil.copytree(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Tencent Files\363572453\FileRecv\a","C:\liruixin")  #递归的复制目录
 #shutil.rmtree("C:\liruixin") #递归的删除目录
 #shutil.move()  #递归的移动目录
 #tmp = shutil.make_archive("C:\svntest","zip",root_dir=r"D:\testsvn")  #压缩文件 root_dir为原文件   C盘svntest为压缩后的路径及压缩后的文件名

4.hashlib 模块   可以用来校验文件一致性

 import hashlib

 a = hashlib.md5() #生成一个对象
 #a.update(b"abc")  #加密
 #print(a.hexdigest())  #打印MD5值

 #校验一个文件的MD5值
 f = open("a")
 for i in f:
     a.update(i.encode())
 print(a.hexdigest())
 f.close()

5. logging 模块

 import logging
 from logging import  handlers
 #日志输出到屏幕
 # logging.warning("waring message")
 # logging.critical("server is down")
 # logging.error("have error")
 # logging.debug("print message")
 # logging.info("info")
 # #最简单的把日志打印到文件
 # logging.basicConfig(filename="test.log",
 #                     format='%(asctime)s  %(levelname)s: %(filename)s %(lineno)d  %(message)s',
 #                     datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S',
 #                     level=logging.INFO)
 # logging.debug("debug")
 # logging.info("info")
 # logging.warning("waring")
 # logging.error("error")
 # logging.critical("critical")

 #日志多输出
 # #create logger
 # logger = logging.getLogger("test.log")
 # logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 # #create console handler and set level to debug
 # ch = logging.StreamHandler()
 # ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 # #create file handler and set level to waring
 # fh = logging.FileHandler("out.log",encoding="utf-8")
 # fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
 #日志格式
 # fh_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s  %(filename)s:%(lineno)d   - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
 # ch_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s  %(filename)s:%(lineno)d   - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
 # #把日志格式加到handler中
 # fh.setFormatter(fh_formatter)
 # ch.setFormatter(ch_formatter)
 #写明要输出的地方
 # logger.addHandler(fh)
 # logger.addHandler(ch)
 #执行打印日志
 # logger.debug("I am debug")
 # logger.error("I am error")

 ###日志文件自动截断####
 #测试按时间截断
 # logger = logging.getLogger("test")
 # log_file = "time_log.log"
 # fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler("data.log",maxBytes=2,backupCount=4,encoding="utf-8")
 # fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="s",interval=3,backupCount=2,encoding="utf-8") #按时间截断
 # formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s :%(lineno)d %(message)s')
 # fh.setFormatter(formatter)
 # logger.addHandler(fh)
 # import time
 # logger.error("error1")
 # time.sleep(2)
 # logger.error("error2")
 # time.sleep(6)
 # logger.error("error3")

 # #测试按文件大小截断
 # logger = logging.getLogger("test")
 # log_file = "data_log.log"
 # fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler("data.log",maxBytes=2,backupCount=4,encoding="utf-8")
 # formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s :%(lineno)d %(message)s')
 # fh.setFormatter(formatter)
 # logger.addHandler(fh)
 # logger.error("error1,error2,error3,error4,")
 # logger.warning("waring")

 ###详细请参考博客 http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html