Linux磁盘分区、格式化和挂载

一、查看磁盘使用

[root@iZ88rvassw1Z ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        40G  2.3G   36G   7% /
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

二、查看磁盘分区

[root@iZ88rvassw1Z ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *           1        5222    41940992   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2130440 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

目前系统存在了两块磁盘，分别为“/dev/vda”和“/dev/vdb”;

“/dev/vda”已经存在了一个分区“/dev/vda1”；

“/dev/vda1”没有分区。

三、磁盘分区命令

四、执行分区操作

[root@iZ88rvassw1Z ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3d7d21d6.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2130440 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3d7d21d6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2130440, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2130440, default 2130440):
Using default value 2130440

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2130440 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3d7d21d6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1               1     2130440  1073741728+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
No free sectors available

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZ88rvassw1Z ~]#

再次查看分区:

五、查看原有分区格式

为ext4格式。

六、格式化分区

七、挂载分区

八、开机自动挂载

修改/etc/fstab，添加记录即可。