python常用函数 库 转

可能经常用到的标准模块和第三方常用的50个库
本文由python培训班授课老师整理

数学计算：
    numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
    math — Mathematical functions
    cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
    decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
    fractions — Rational numbers
    random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
    itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
    functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
    operator — Standard operators as functions
文件和目录访问：
    os.path — Common pathname manipulations
    fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
    stat — Interpreting stat() results
    statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()
    filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
    tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
    glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
    fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
    linecache — Random access to text lines
    shutil — High-level file operations
    dircache — Cached directory listings
    macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
数据持久化:
    pickle — Python object serialization
    cPickle — A faster pickle
    copy_reg — Register pickle support functions
    shelve — Python object persistence
    marshal — Internal Python object serialization
    anydbm — Generic access to DBM-style databases
    whichdb — Guess which DBM module created a database
    dbm — Simple “database” interface
    gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm
    dbhash — DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
    bsddb — Interface to Berkeley DB library
    dumbdbm — Portable DBM implementation
    sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
通用操作系统服务:
    os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
    io — Core tools for working with streams
    time — Time access and conversions
    argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
    optparse — Parser for command line options
    getopt — C-style parser for command line options
    logging — Logging facility for Python
    logging.config — Logging configuration
    logging.handlers — Logging handlers
    getpass — Portable password input
    curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
    curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
    curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
    curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
    platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
    errno — Standard errno system symbols
    ctypes — A foreign function library for Python
可选的操作系统服务:
    select — Waiting for I/O completion
    threading — Higher-level threading interface
    thread — Multiple threads of control
    dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module
    dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the thread module
    multiprocessing — Process-based “threading” interface
    mmap — Memory-mapped file support
    readline — GNU readline interface
    rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline
进程间通信和网络:
    subprocess — Subprocess management
    socket — Low-level networking interface
    ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
    signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
    popen2 — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
    asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
    asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler
互联网数据处理:
    email — An email and MIME handling package
    json — JSON encoder and decoder
    mailcap — Mailcap file handling
    mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
    mhlib — Access to MH mailboxes
    mimetools — Tools for parsing MIME messages
    mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
    MimeWriter — Generic MIME file writer
    mimify — MIME processing of mail messages
    multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts
    rfc822 — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers
    base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings
    binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files
    binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII
    quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
    uu — Encode and decode uuencode files
结构化标记处理工具:
    HTMLParser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
    sgmllib — Simple SGML parser
    htmllib — A parser for HTML documents
    htmlentitydefs — Definitions of HTML general entities
    XML Processing Modules
    XML vulnerabilities
    xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
    xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
    xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation
    xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
    xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
    xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
    xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities
    xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
    xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat
互联网协议和技术支持:
    webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
    cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
    cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
    wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
    urllib — Open arbitrary resources by URL
    urllib2 — extensible library for opening URLs
    httplib — HTTP protocol client
    ftplib — FTP protocol client
    poplib — POP3 protocol client
    imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
    nntplib — NNTP protocol client
    smtplib — SMTP protocol client
    smtpd — SMTP Server
    telnetlib — Telnet client
    uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
    urlparse — Parse URLs into components
    SocketServer — A framework for network servers
    BaseHTTPServer — Basic HTTP server
    SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler
    CGIHTTPServer — CGI-capable HTTP request handler
    cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
    Cookie — HTTP state management
    xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access
    SimpleXMLRPCServer — Basic XML-RPC server
    DocXMLRPCServer — Self-documenting XML-RPC server
第三方常用的50个库
Python: 50 modules for all needs
Graphical interface     wxPython     http://wxpython.org    
Graphical interface     pyGtk     http://www.pygtk.org    
Graphical interface     pyQT     http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/    
Graphical interface     Pmw     http://pmw.sourceforge.net/    
Graphical interface     Tkinter 3000     http://effbot.org/zone/wck.htm    
Graphical interface     Tix     http://tix.sourceforge.net/    
Database     MySQLdb     http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python    
Database     PyGreSQL     http://www.pygresql.org/    
Database     Gadfly     http://gadfly.sourceforge.net/    
Database     SQLAlchemy     http://www.sqlalchemy.org/    
Database     psycopg     http://www.initd.org/pub/software/psycopg/    
Database     kinterbasdb     http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/    
Database     cx_Oracle     http://www.cxtools.net/default.aspx?nav=downloads    
Database     pySQLite     http://initd.org/tracker/pysqlite    
MSN Messenger     msnlib     http://auriga.wearlab.de/~alb/msnlib/    
MSN Messenger     pymsn     http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/wiki/Pymsn    
MSN Messenger     msnp     http://msnp.sourceforge.net/    
Network     Twisted     http://twistedmatrix.com/    
Images     PIL     http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/    
Images     gdmodule     http://newcenturycomputers.net/projects/gdmodule.html    
Images     VideoCapture     http://videocapture.sourceforge.net/    
Sciences and Maths     scipy     http://www.scipy.org/    
Sciences and Maths     NumPy     http://numpy.scipy.org//    
Sciences and Maths     numarray     http://www.stsci.edu/resources/software_hardware/numarray    
Sciences and Maths     matplotlib     http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/    
Games     Pygame     http://www.pygame.org/news.html    
Games     Pyglet     http://www.pyglet.org/    
Games     PySoy     http://www.pysoy.org/    
Games     pyOpenGL     http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/    
Jabber     jabberpy     http://jabberpy.sourceforge.net/    
Web     scrape     http://zesty.ca/python/scrape.html    
Web     Beautiful Soup     http://crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup    
Web     pythonweb     http://www.pythonweb.org/    
Web     mechanize     http://wwwsearch.sourceforge.net/mechanize/    
Localisation     geoname.py     http://www.zindep.com/blog-zindep/Geoname-python/    
Serial port     pySerial     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/    
Serial port     USPP     http://ibarona.googlepages.com/uspp    
Parallel Port     pyParallel     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html    
USB Port     pyUSB     http://bleyer.org/pyusb/    
Windows     ctypes     http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/    
Windows     pywin32     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/    
Windows     pywinauto     http://www.openqa.org/pywinauto/    
Windows     pyrtf     http://pyrtf.sourceforge.net/    
Windows     wmi     http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html    
PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pymo     http://www.awaretek.com/pymo.html    
PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pyS60     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pys60    
Sound     pySoundic     http://pysonic.sourceforge.net/    
Sound     pyMedia     http://pymedia.org/    
Sound     FMOD     http://www.fmod.org/    
Sound     pyMIDI     http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/assist/developer.shtml    
GMail     libgmail     http://libgmail.sourceforge.net/    
Google     pyGoogle     http://pygoogle.sourceforge.net/    
Expect     pyExpect     http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/    
WordNet     pyWordNet     http://osteele.com/projects/pywordnet/    
Command line     cmd     http://blog.doughellmann.com/2008/05/pymotw-cmd.html    
Compiler backend     llvm-py     http://mdevan.nfshost.com/llvm-py/    
3D     VPython     http://vpython.org