Class definition

Prerequisite Articles

(None)

Related Articles

• Category
• Accessor method

A class definition is the specification of a class of objects through the use of certain files and syntax. A class definition minimally consists of two parts: a public interface, and a private implementation. You typically split the interface and implementation into two separate files—the header file and the implementation file. By separating the public and private parts of your code, you retain the class interface as an independent entity.

You usually name the interface and implementation files after the class. Because it’s included in other source files, the name of the interface file usually has the .h extension typical of header files. The name of the implementation file has a .m extension, indicating that it contains Objective-C source code. For example, the MyClass class would be declared in MyClass.h and defined in MyClass.m.

Interface

In the interface, you do several things:

• You name the class and its superclass.

  You may also specify any protocols that your class conforms to (see Protocol).

• You specify the class’s instance variables.

• You specify the methods and declared properties (see Declared property) that are available for the class.

In the interface file, you first import any required frameworks. (This will often be just Cocoa/Cocoa.h.) You start the declaration of the class interface itself with the compiler directive @interface and finish it with the directive @end.

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

@interface MyClass : SuperClass {

    int integerInstanceVariable;

}

+ (void)aClassMethod;

- (void)anInstanceMethod;

@end

Implementation

Whereas you declare a class’s methods in the interface, you define those methods (that is, write the code for implementing them) in the implementation.

In the interface file, you first import any required header files. (Minimally this will be your class’s header file.) You start the implementation of the class with the compiler directive @implementation and finish it with the directive @end.

#import "MyClass.h"

@implementation MyClass

+ (void)aClassMethod {

    printf("This is a class method\n");

}

- (void)anInstanceMethod {

    printf("This is an instance method\n");

    printf("The value of integerInstanceVariable is %d\n", integerInstanceVariable);

}

@end

Definitive Discussion

“Defining Classes”