cygwin and its host machine

Senario

本来我是想要修改下 machine name

在Ubuntu中的步骤是这样的

1 sudo hostname newMechineName
2 sudo vi /etc/hostname
　　把原来的机器名改为新的 newMechineName
3 sudo vi /etc/hosts
　　修改 127.0.1.1　对应的计算机名为新的计算机名称

先要修改下 hosts 文件

因为刚用 cygwin， 对系统不是很熟， 只是以为 cygwin 系统是一个封闭的系统放在宿主机器的某个文档夹里面

经过此次发掘，搞清楚 cygwin 和 host machine 的关系

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ gvim /etc/hosts

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ ll /etc/hosts
lrwxrwxrwx 1 Administrators root 46 Jul 25 13:34 /etc/hosts -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/hosts

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ vim /etc/hosts
/cygdrive/d/Program Files/Git/bin/vim: line 3: /share/vim/vim74/vim: No such file or directory
/cygdrive/d/Program Files/Git/bin/vim: line 3: exec: /share/vim/vim74/vim: cannot execute: No such file or directory
#无法打开
ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ vi /etc/hosts
#正常打开
ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ gvim /etc/hosts
#这里打开文件时空的

cygwin中用的 命令/程序 都来自哪里？

只有 vi 可以打开 /etc/hosts

ok, 问题明白了， 就是权限问题

要搞清楚 vi, vim, gvim 分别是属于哪里的就明白了

• vi
• vim
• gvim

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ whereis.exe vi
vi: /usr/bin/vi.exe /cygdrive/d/Program Files/Git/bin/vi

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ whereis.exe vim
vim: /cygdrive/d/Program Files/Git/bin/vim /cygdrive/d/Program Files/Vim/vim74/vim.exe

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ whereis.exe gvim
gvim: /cygdrive/d/Program Files/Vim/vim74/gvim.exe

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$

让 cygwin 系统支持权限(chmod, chown)

说到权限， 这里还有一点要注意

最开始我的 cygwin 装在 E:\ 盘上， 当时 E:\ 的格式是 Fat32

然后用到 chmod 命令的时候失效 ：参考另一篇文章

http://www.cnblogs.com/ganiks/p/cygwin-chmod-not-support.html

转换为 NTFS 格式之后， 支持了权限的管理， 有个细节要注意到就是所有文档的 USER:GROUP 变化啦

drwxr-xr-x 1 ganiks.liu Domain Users 0 Jul 25 13:28 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 ganiks.liu Domain Users 0 Jul 25 13:10 ..
drwxr-xr-x 1 ganiks.liu Domain Users 0 Jul 25 13:49 uscreens

# 转换 NTFS 之后
ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu /tmp
$ ll
total 0
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root 0 Jul 25 13:28 .
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root 0 Jul 25 13:10 ..
drwxrwxrwx+ 1 ganiks.liu     root 0 Jul 25 13:49 uscreens

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu /tmp
$

cygwin 跟宿主系统的关系是什么？

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ ll /etc/
total 537
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 26 08:45 .
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:10 ..
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 alternatives
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root    856 Jul 25 13:35 bash.bash_logout
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   1176 Jul 25 13:35 bash.bashrc
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root  58352 Feb 12  2011 bash_completion
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 bash_completion.d
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 dbus-1
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 defaults
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   5023 Jul 25 13:34 DIR_COLORS
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   3095 Jul 22 11:00 drirc
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:29 fonts
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root    192 Jul 25 13:34 fstab
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:34 fstab.d
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root    560 Jul 25 13:34 group
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:29 gtk-2.0
lrwxrwxrwx  1 Administrators root     46 Jul 25 13:34 hosts -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/hosts
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root 149610 May  8  2012 lynx.cfg
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   3583 May  8  2012 lynx.lss
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root     66 Jul 25 13:35 lynx-site.cfg
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   5135 Jul 25 13:35 man_db.conf
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root 242153 May 24 02:59 moduli
lrwxrwxrwx  1 Administrators root     12 Jul 25 13:34 mtab -> /proc/mounts
lrwxrwxrwx  1 Administrators root     49 Jul 25 13:34 networks -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/networks
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:35 pango
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root    943 Jul 25 13:34 passwd
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:30 pkcs11
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 pki
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 postinstall
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 preremove
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   7634 Jul 25 13:35 profile
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 profile.d
lrwxrwxrwx  1 Administrators root     50 Jul 25 13:34 protocols -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/protocols
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root  51799 Jul 25 13:34 rebase.db.i386
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:30 sasl2
lrwxrwxrwx  1 Administrators root     49 Jul 25 13:34 services -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/services
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:10 setup
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root    210 Jul 25 13:35 shells
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:35 skel
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:28 ssl
-rwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root   4795 Jul 25 13:46 wgetrc
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators root      0 Jul 25 13:35 xml

看看 hosts -> /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/hosts

明白了吧， 原来想要访问宿主系统， 只需要进入到 /cygdrive/ 目录下 ！

越是想要了解一个东西，越是不能放过任何一个小小的疑问
这里就是因为想要修改 machine name 就让我发现这么重要的一个对 cygwin 认知。

最终没有修改成功 hostname

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-Gaiks-Liu ~
$ hostname.exe wswtech
hostname: cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality

介绍一篇不错的 cygwin 入门教程：

http://w.gdu.me/wiki/cygwin/index.html