Python--面向对象编程--时钟实例开发

• 在学习python面向对象编程的时候，心血来潮，决定写一个时钟模型来玩玩，所以就有了现在这个小玩意，不过python这个东西确实是挺好玩的
• 方法；运用python的tkinter库开发图形化时钟程序
  • 　　时钟启动时以系统的时间为当前的时间
  • 　　时钟有时针、分针和秒针
  • 　　表盘可以切换为程序绘制的或基于图片的样式
• 对象分析
  • 　　指针：
    • 坐标集（针头坐标和针头坐标）
    • 当前位置坐标（绘制各种针的当前位置）
    • 颜色，粗细，当前指针的图形ID（把前一个id删除），画布对象
    • 当前指针的上级指针，上下级指针的行走关系（分针走一格，秒针走多少格），行走一格，
    • 设置起始位置，绘制指针，删除指针
  • 　　基本表盘
    • 所有刻度线起讫点坐标（绘制每一个刻度线）
    • 画布引用
    • 绘制刻度线，删除刻度线
  • 　　图像表盘
    • 刻度图
      • 图像名称
      • 绘制id,绘制删除指定图像文件
    • 装饰图
      • 图像名称
      • 绘制ID，删除绘制指定图像文件
  • 钟表
    • 三种类型的指针
    • 表盘
    • 切换表盘的按钮
    • 设置图形表盘图像
    • 切换表盘（按钮）
• d代码实现
  • 　　

     #coding=gbk
     # -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
    
     import time,datetime
     import math
     import itertools
     import tkinter
     import threading
    
     def get_clock_step(base_pntr,long_pntr):
         pos = []
         for i in range(60):
             pos.append((base_pntr[0]+long_pntr*math.cos(i*math.pi/30),
                 base_pntr[0]+long_pntr*math.sin(i*math.pi/30)))
         return pos[45:] + pos[:45]
    
     def gen_i_pos(c_pntr,long_pntr):
         for i,p in enumerate(get_clock_step(c_pntr,long_pntr)):
             yield i,p
    
     class Pointer:
    
         def __init__(self,c_pntr,long_pntr,cvns,scale=None,super_pntr=None,width=1,fill='black'):
             # 参数说明：
             # c_pntr: 表盘的中心坐标；
             # long_pntr: 表针长；
             # cvns: 画布引用；
             # scale: 指针行走比例；
             # super_pntr: 上级指针；
             # width: 指针粗细；
             # fill: 指针颜色；
             self.pos_iter = itertools.cycle(gen_i_pos(c_pntr,long_pntr))
             self.scale = scale
             self.cvns = cvns
             self.crrnt_pos = self.pos_iter.__next__()[1]
             self.c_pntr = c_pntr
             self.super_pntr = super_pntr
             self.id_pntr = None
             self.width = width
             self.fill = fill
    
         def draw(self):
             self.id_pntr = cvns.create_line(self.c_pntr,self.crrnt_pos,width=self.width,fill=self.fill)
    
         def walk_step(self):
             self.delete()
             self.draw()
             i,self.crrnt_pos = self.pos_iter.__next__()
             if self.super_pntr and self.scale and (i + 1) % self.scale == 0:
                 self.super_pntr.walk_step()
    
         def delete(self):
             if self.id_pntr:
                 self.cvns.delete(self.id_pntr)
    
         def set_start(self,steps):
             for i in range(steps-1):
                 self.pos_iter.__next__()
             self.crrnt_pos = self.pos_iter.__next__()[1]
    
     class PlateImg:
    
         def __init__(self,c_pntr,clock_r,cvns,img):
             self.cvns = cvns
             self.clock_r = clock_r
             self.c_pntr = c_pntr
             self.img = img
             self.pid = None
             self.draw()
    
         def draw(self):
             self.im = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self.img)
             self.pid = self.cvns.create_image(self.c_pntr,image = self.im)
    
         def delete(self):
             if self.pid:
                 self.cvns.delete(self.pid)
    
         def set_img(self,img):
             self.img = img
             self.delete()
             self.draw()
    
     class InImg(PlateImg):
         def draw(self):
             x = self.c_pntr[0]
             y = self.c_pntr[0] + self.clock_r / 5
             self.im = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self.img)
             self.pid = self.cvns.create_image(x,y,image = self.im)
    
     class CustomPlate:
         def __init__(self,c_pntr,clock_r,cvns,imgp='platex.gif',imgi='flowersx.gif'):
             self.pi = PlateImg(c_pntr,clock_r,cvns,imgp)
             self.ii = InImg(c_pntr,clock_r,cvns,imgi)
    
         def set_img(self,imgp,imgi):
             self.pi.set_img(imgp)
             self.ii.set_img(imgi)
    
         def delete(self):
             self.pi.delete()
             self.ii.delete()
    
     class Plate:
    
         def __init__(self,c_pntr,clock_r,cvns,long=10):
             self.pos_a = get_clock_step(c_pntr,clock_r - long)
             self.pos_b = get_clock_step(c_pntr,clock_r)
             self.cvns = cvns
             self.plates = []
             self.draw()
    
         def draw(self):
             for i,p in enumerate(zip(self.pos_a,self.pos_b)):
                 width = 5 if (i + 1) % 5 == 0 else 3
                 pid = self.cvns.create_line(*p,width=width)
                 self.plates.append(pid)
    
         def delete(self):
             if self.plates:
                 for item in self.plates:
                     self.cvns.delete(item)
    
     class MyClock:
    
         def __init__(self,base_pntr,clock_r,cvns):
             self.c_pntr = base_pntr
             self.clock_r = clock_r
             self.cvns = cvns
             self.plate = Plate(base_pntr,clock_r,self.cvns)
             h,m,s = self.start_time()
             self.h_pntr = Pointer(base_pntr,3 * clock_r // 5,self.cvns,width=5,fill='blue')
             self.m_pntr = Pointer(base_pntr,4 * clock_r // 5,self.cvns,12,super_pntr=self.h_pntr,width=3,fill='green')
             self.h_pntr.set_start(h * 5)
             self.m_pntr.set_start(m)
             self.h_pntr.walk_step()
             self.m_pntr.walk_step()
             self.s_pntr = Pointer(base_pntr,clock_r-5,self.cvns,60,super_pntr=self.m_pntr,fill='red')
             self.s_pntr.set_start(s)
    
         def chg_plate(self):
             self.plate.delete()
             if isinstance(self.plate,CustomPlate):
                 self.plate = Plate(self.c_pntr,self.clock_r,self.cvns)
             else:
                 self.plate = CustomPlate(self.c_pntr,self.clock_r,self.cvns)
             self.h_pntr.delete()
             self.h_pntr.draw()
             self.m_pntr.delete()
             self.m_pntr.draw()
    
         def set_img(self,imgp,imgi):
             if not isinstance(self.plate,CustomPlate):
                 self.chg_plate()
             self.plate.set_img(imgp,imgi)
    
         def walk_step(self):
             self.s_pntr.walk_step()
    
         def start_time(self):
             crrnt_time = datetime.datetime.now()
             hour = crrnt_time.hour
             minute = crrnt_time.minute
             second = crrnt_time.second
             return hour,minute,second
    
     class MyButton:
         def __init__(self,root,clock):
             self.clock = clock
             button = tkinter.Button(root,text = '改变表盘',command = self.chg_plate)
             button.pack()
    
         def chg_plate(self):
             self.clock.chg_plate()
    
     class MyTk(tkinter.Tk):
         def quit(self):
             StartClock.looping = False
             self.quit()
    
     class StartClock:
         looping = True
         def __init__(self,mc,root):
             self.mc = mc
             self.root = root
    
         def start_clock(self):
             while StartClock.looping:
                 self.mc.walk_step()
                 self.root.update()
                 time.sleep(0.05)
    
     if __name__ == '__main__':
         root = MyTk()
         cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root,width=400,height=400,bg='white')
         cvns.pack()
         mc = MyClock((200,200),200,cvns)
         bt = MyButton(root,mc)
         t = threading.Thread(target=StartClock(mc,root).start_clock)
         t.setDaemon(True)
         t.start()
         root.resizable(False, False)
         root.mainloop()

  • 刚刚学习，谢谢指出错误！