一个build.xml实例

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<project name="ssh" basedir="." default="usage">
      <property name="name" value="ssh"/>

<property name="war.dir" value="war"/>
      <property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
      <property name="client.dir" value="client"/>
      <property name="build.dir" value=".classes"/>
      <property name="webcontent.dir" value="WebContent"/>
      <property name="prjlib.dir" value="lib"/>    
      <property name="webcontentlib.dir" value="${webcontent.dir}/WEB-INF/lib"/>
      <property name="weblib.dir" value="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib"/>
      <property name="dist.dir" value="dist"/>

<property environment="env"/>
      <property name="tomcat.home" value="${env.CATALINA_HOME}"/>
      <property name="webapp.dist" value="${dist.dir}/webapps"/>   
      <path id="master-classpath">
          <fileset dir="${webcontentlib.dir}">
              <include name="hibernate3.jar"/>
              <include name="spring.jar"/>            
              <include name="struts.jar"/>            
              <include name="struts-el.jar"/>            
              <include name="struts-menu-2.4.2.jar"/>            
              <include name="acegi-security-1.0.2.jar"/>            
              <include name="activation.jar"/>            
              <include name="antlr.jar"/>            
              <include name="antlr-2.7.6.jar"/>            
              <include name="asm.jar"/>            
              <include name="aspectjweaver-1.5.2.jar"/>            
              <include name="cglib-2.1.3.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-beanutils.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-codec-1.3.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-collections.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-dbcp.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-digester.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-fileupload.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-io.jar"/>    
              <include name="commons-lang.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-logging-1.1.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-pool.jar"/>            
              <include name="commons-validator.jar"/>            
              <include name="displaytag-1.1.jar"/>            
              <include name="dom4j-1.6.1.jar"/>            
              <include name="dwr.jar"/>            
              <include name="ehcache-1.2.3.jar"/>            
              <include name="itext-1.4.jar"/>            
              <include name="jakarta-oro.jar"/>            
              <include name="jstl.jar"/>            
              <include name="jta.jar"/>            
              <include name="log4j-1.2.11.jar"/>            
              <include name="mail.jar"/>            
              <include name="oscache-2.3.2.jar"/>            
              <include name="mysql-connector-java-5.0.3-bin.jar"/>            
              <include name="sitemesh-2.2.1.jar"/>            
              <include name="standard.jar"/>            
              <include name="urlrewrite-3.0-beta.jar"/>            
              <include name="velocity-1.4.jar"/>            
              <include name="velocity-tools-view-1.1.jar"/>            
          </fileset>
          <fileset dir="${prjlib.dir}/servletapi-2.3">
              <include name="servletapi-2.3.jar"/>
          </fileset>        
      </path>   
      <target name="usage">
          <echo message=""/>
          <echo message="Spring JPetStore build file"/>
          <echo message="------------------------------------------------------"/>
          <echo message=""/>
          <echo message="Available targets are:"/>
          <echo message=""/>
          <echo message="clean      --> Clean output dirs"/>
          <echo message="build      --> Compile main Java sources and copy libraries"/>
          <echo message="warfile --> Build the web application archive"/>
          <echo message="all        --> Clean, build, warfile"/>
          <echo message=""/>
      </target>   
      <target name="clean" description="Clean output dirs (build, weblib, dist)">
          <delete dir="${build.dir}"/>
          <delete dir="${weblib.dir}"/>
          <delete dir="${war.dir}"/>
          <delete dir="${dist.dir}"/>
          <delete file="client/${name}.jar"/>
      </target>
      <target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files into class files, generate jar files">
          <mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
          <mkdir dir="${war.dir}"/>

<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.3" target="1.3" debug="true"
                  deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
              <src path="${src.dir}"/>
              <classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
          </javac>

<mkdir dir="${weblib.dir}"/>
          <mkdir dir="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>

<jar jarfile="${weblib.dir}/${name}.jar" compress="true" basedir="${build.dir}"/>

<copy todir="${war.dir}" preservelastmodified="true">
              <fileset dir="${webcontent.dir}">
                  <include name="**/**"/>
                  <include name="**.**"/>
              </fileset>
          </copy>

<copy todir="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes" preservelastmodified="true">
              <fileset dir="${src.dir}">
                  <include name="*.xml"/>
                  <include name="**/*.properties"/>
                  <include name="**/*.vm"/>
                  <exclude name="**/.*"/>
              </fileset>
          </copy>        
       
          <copy file="${weblib.dir}/${name}.jar" tofile="${client.dir}/${name}.jar"/>
      </target>

<target name="dist" depends="warfile">
          <!--
              Delegate to warfile target by depending on it. dist is just to offer
              a generic target name across all Spring sample apps that may be used
              for autobuilds testing.
          -->
      </target>

<target name="warfile" depends="build" description="Build the web application archive">
          <mkdir dir="${dist.dir}"/>
          <war warfile="${dist.dir}/${name}.war" basedir="${war.dir}" webxml="${webcontent.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
              <include name="*"/>
              <include name="images/**"/>
              <include name="common/**"/>
              <include name="decorators/**"/>
              <include name="scripts/**"/>
              <include name="styles/**"/>
              <include name="WEB-INF/*.*"/>
              <include name="WEB-INF/lib/**"/>
              <include name="WEB-INF/pages/**"/>
              <include name="WEB-INF/classes/**"/>
              <exclude name="WEB-INF/web.xml"/>
          </war>
      </target>

<target name="all" depends="clean,build,warfile" description="Clean,build,warfile"/>

</project>

在Eclipse中使用Ant

Ant是Java平台下很棒的批处理命令运行程序，能很方便地自己主动完毕编译，測试，打包，部署等等一系列任务，大大提高开发效率。假设你如今还没有開始使用Ant，那就要赶快開始学习使用，使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。

Eclipse中已经集成了Ant，我们能够直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。

曾经面建立的Helloproject为例，创建下面文件夹结构：

新建一个build.xml，放在project根文件夹下。build.xml定义了Ant要运行的批处理命令。尽管Ant也能够使用其他文件名称，可是遵循标准能更使开发更规范，同一时候易于与别人交流。

通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放编译后的class文件，lib存放编译和执行用到的全部jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文档。

然后在根文件夹下创建build.xml文件，输入下面内容：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="Hello world" default="doc">

<!-- properies -->
     <property name="src.dir" value="src" />
     <property name="report.dir" value="report" />
     <property name="classes.dir" value="classes" />
     <property name="lib.dir" value="lib" />
     <property name="dist.dir" value="dist" />
<property name="doc.dir" value="doc"/>

<!-- 定义classpath -->
     <path id="master-classpath">
         <fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" />
         <pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
     </path>

<!-- 初始化任务 -->
     <target name="init">
     </target>

<!-- 编译 -->
     <target name="compile" depends="init" description="compile the source files">
         <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
         <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" target="1.4">
             <classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
         </javac>
     </target>

<!-- 測试 -->
     <target name="test" depends="compile" description="run junit test">
         <mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/>
         <junit printsummary="on"
                 haltonfailure="false"
                 failureproperty="tests.failed"
                 showoutput="true">
             <classpath refid="master-classpath" />
             <formatter type="plain"/>
             <batchtest todir="${report.dir}">
                 <fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
                     <include name="**/*Test.*"/>
                 </fileset>
             </batchtest>
         </junit>
         <fail if="tests.failed">
         ***********************************************************
         ****   One or more tests failed!   Check the output ...   ****
         ***********************************************************
         </fail>
     </target>

<!-- 打包成jar -->
     <target name="pack" depends="test" description="make .jar file">
      <mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" />
         <jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}">
             <exclude name="**/*Test.*" />
             <exclude name="**/Test*.*" />
         </jar>
     </target>

<!-- 输出api文档 -->
     <target name="doc" depends="pack" description="create api doc">
      <mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" />
      <javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}"
             author="true"
             version="true"
             use="true"
             windowtitle="Test API">
             <packageset dir="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes="yes">
                 <include name="example/**" />
             </packageset>
             <doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello, test</h1>]]></doctitle>
             <bottom><![CDATA[<i>All Rights Reserved.</i>]]></bottom>
             <tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" />
         </javadoc>
     </target>
</project>

以上xml依次定义了init（初始化），compile（编译），test（測试），doc（生成文档），pack（打包）任务，能够作为模板。

选中Helloproject，然后选择“Project”，“Properties”，“Builders”，“New…”，选择“Ant Build”：

填入Name：Ant_Builder；Buildfile：build.xml；Base Directory：${workspace_loc:/Hello}（按“Browse Workspace”选择project根文件夹），因为用到了junit.jar包，搜索Eclipse文件夹，找到junit.jar，把它拷贝到Hello/lib文件夹下，并加入到Ant的Classpath中：

然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build，去掉Java Builder：

再次编译，就可以在控制台看到Ant的输出：

Buildfile: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/build.xml

init:

compile:
        [mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/classes
        [javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/classes

test:
        [mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/report
        [junit] Running example.HelloTest
        [junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 sec

pack:
        [mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/dist
          [jar] Building jar: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/dist/hello.jar

doc:
        [mkdir] Created dir: F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/doc
      [javadoc] Generating Javadoc
      [javadoc] Javadoc execution
      [javadoc] Loading source files for package example...
      [javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information...
      [javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4.2_04
      [javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes...
      [javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes...
      [javadoc] Building index for all classes...
      [javadoc] Generating F:/eclipse-projects/Hello/doc/stylesheet.css...
      [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags:   @todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names.
      [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen:   @todo
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds

Ant依次运行初始化，编译，測试，打包，生成API文档一系列任务，极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时，还可增加部署等任务。而且，即使脱离了Eclipse环境，仅仅要正确安装了Ant，配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=<Ant解压文件夹>，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%/bin，在命令行提示符下切换到Hello文件夹，简单地键入ant就可以。