python oracle使用心得

Oracel安装（windows 64位）

1. 首先确定版本。

2. 下载instantclient，下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

解压到指定目录，加入环境变量

变量名 ORACLE_HOME

变量名 TNS_ADMIN

变量名 NLS_LANG

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

变量名 Path

在解压的oracle目录instantclient_11_2/network/admin创建tnsnames.ora文件，写入连接数据库地址

3. 下载cx_Oracle, 这个是一个Python的扩展包，用来访问Oracle数据库的。  https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cx_Oracle/5.2.1

Oracel安装（centos 6.6）

1. 首先确定版本。

2. 下载instantclient-basic。下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

3. 安装和环境变量配置

unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip
unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip
unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient_11_2目录下network/admin创建tnsnames.ora文件，写入连接数据库地址

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/instantclient_11_2
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

创建软连接

ln -s /home/oracle/instantclient_11_2/libclntsh.so.11.1 /home/oracle/instantclient_11_2/libclntsh.so

4. 下载cx_Oracle, 这个是一个Python的扩展包，用来访问Oracle数据库的。  https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cx_Oracle/5.2.1

tar -xvf  cx_Oracle-5.2.1.tar.gz
cd cx_Oracle-5.2.1
python setup.py install

5.导入测试

import cx_Oracle

代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import cx_Oracle
from east_web import settings
from east_web.log_config import django_logger as logger

class Oracle(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.__username = settings.ORACLE_CONN['USERNAME']
        self.__password = settings.ORACLE_CONN['PASSWORD']
        self.__host = settings.ORACLE_CONN['HOST']
        self.__port = settings.ORACLE_CONN['PORT']
        self.__tnsname = settings.ORACLE_CONN['TNSNAME']
        self.cursor = self.connect()

    def connect(self):
        """
        连接数据库， 获取游标
        语法: cx_Oracle.connect('username','pwd','IP/HOSTNAME:PORT/TNSNAME')
        或
        cx_Oracle.makedsn(IP,PORT,TNSNAME)
        cx_Oracle.connect(username,pwd,dsn)
        """
        try:
            dsn = cx_Oracle.makedsn(self.__host, self.__port, self.__tnsname)
            conn = cx_Oracle.connect(self.__username, self.__password, dsn)
            # self.__conn = cx_Oracle.connect(self.__username, self.__password,
            #                   self.__host + ':' + self.__port + '/' + self.__service_name)
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            return cursor
        except Exception as err:
            logger.error(err)

    def ogg_process_lag(self, sql):
        """
        :param sql:
        :return: 执行sql
        """
        self.cursor.execute(sql)

    def fetchone(self):
        """
        :return: 返回第一条数据
        """
        res_one = self.cursor.fetchone()
        return res_one

    def fetchmang(self, n):
        """
        :param n:
        :return: 返回第n条数据
        """
        res_mang = self.cursor.fetchmany(n)
        return res_mang

    def fetchall(self):
        """
        :return: 返回所有数据
        """
        res_all = self.cursor.fetchall()
        return res_all

def main():
    oracle = Oracle()
    oracle.ogg_process_lag("SELECT * FROM table")
    print oracle.fetchmang(7)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()