[hdu5448 Marisa’s Cake]多边形面积，公式化简

题意：给一个凸多边形，求任选若干点形成的多边形的面积和。

思路：

• 按一定方向（顺时针或逆时针）对多边形的顶点进行编号，则多边形的面积计算公式为：f₁ x f₂ + f₂ x f₃ + ... f_n-1 x f_n + f_n x f₁，f_i 表示从参考点到i的向量。
• 考虑f_i x f_j 在答案中出现的次数，则答案可以写成:f_i x f_j * 2^n-(j-i+1) (i<j) 或 f_i x f_j * 2^i-j-1(i>j)，直接枚举i和j是O(n²)的，显然不行。
• 由叉积的性质：∑(f_i x P) = (∑f_i) x P，可以预处理出f_i*2^i-1的前缀和以及f_i/2ⁱ⁺¹的前缀和，复杂度O(n)，从而只需枚举一维，另一维的和O(1)得到，总复杂度O(n)。
  

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#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:10240000") #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define X first #define Y second #define pb push_back #define mp make_pair #define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end() #define fillchar(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a)) typedef long long ll; typedef pair<int, int> pii; namespace Debug { void print(){cout<<endl;}template<typename T> void print(const T t){cout<<t<<endl;}template<typename F,typename...R> void print(const F f,const R...r){cout<<f<<" ";print(r...);}template<typename T> void print(T*p, T*q){int d=p<q?:-;while(p!=q){cout<<*p<<", ";p+=d;}cout<<endl;} } template<typename T>bool umax(T&a, const T&b){return b<=a?false:(a=b,true);} template<typename T>bool umin(T&a, const T&b){return b>=a?false:(a=b,true);} /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ const int maxn = 1e5 + ; const int mod = 1e9 + ; struct Point { ll x, y; void read() { int x, y; scanf("%d%d", &x, &y); this->x = x; this->y = y; } Point(int x, int y) { this->x = x; this->y = y; } Point() {} Point operator + (const Point &that) const { return Point((x + that.x) % mod, (y + that.y) % mod); } Point operator * (const int &m) const { return Point(x * m % mod, y * m % mod); } }; Point p[maxn], g[maxn], h[maxn]; int two[maxn], twoinv[maxn]; int cross(Point &a, Point &b) { return (a.x * b.y % mod - a.y * b.x % mod + mod) % mod; } int powermod(int a, int n, int mod) { ll ans = , buf = a; while (n) { if (n & ) ans = (ans * buf) % mod; buf = buf * buf % mod; n >>= ; } return ans; } void init() { ll inv = powermod(, mod - , mod); two[] = twoinv[] = ; for (int i = ; i < maxn; i ++) { two[i] = (two[i - ] + two[i - ]) % mod; twoinv[i] = twoinv[i - ] * inv % mod; } } int main() { #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin); //freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout); #endif // ONLINE_JUDGE int T, n; cin >> T; init(); while (T --) { cin >> n; for (int i = ; i <= n; i ++) { p[i].read(); g[i] = g[i - ] + p[i] * two[i - ]; h[i] = h[i - ] + p[i] * twoinv[i + ]; } int ans = ; for (int i = ; i <= n; i ++) { Point buf = p[i] * two[n - i]; ans = (ans + cross(g[i - ], buf)) % mod; } for (int i = ; i <= n; i ++) { Point buf = p[i] * two[i]; ans = (ans + cross(buf, h[i - ])) % mod; } cout << ans << endl; } }