Lifting Now, let's review map from another perspective. map :: (T -> R) -> [T] -> [R] accepts 2 parameters, a function f :: T -> R and a list list :: [T]. [T] is a generic type paramterized by T, it's not the same as T, but definitely shares s…
很多时候我们会遇到一些高阶类型F[_],但又无法实现它的map函数,也就是虽然形似但F不可能成为Functor.看看下面的例子: trait Interact[A] case class Ask(prompt: String) extends Interact[String] case class Tell(msg: String) extends Interact[Unit] Interact类型只容许两种实例:Ask继承了Interact[String], Tell继承Interact[Un…
在前几期讨论中我们终于推导出了Free Monad.这是一个Monad工厂,它可以把任何F[A]变成Monad.可惜的是它对F[A]是有所要求的:F必须是个Functor.Free Monad由此被称为由Functor F 产生的Monad.F必须是Functor,这个门槛使我们在使用Free Monad时很不方便.举个前面讨论过的例子: trait Console[A] case object GetLine extends Console[String] case class PutLine…
简单来将,仿函数(functor)就是一个重载了"()"运算符的struct或class,利用对象支持operator()的特性,来达到模拟函数调用效果的技术. 我们平时对一个集合类遍历的时候,例如vector,是这样做的: for(vector<int>::const_iterator iter = ivec.begin(); iter != ivec.end(); ++iter) { //do your whatever you want here } 例如下面的代码:…
Well, this stuff will be a little bit strange if you deal with it first time. Container Object: Just a wrapper / contianer for values No Method No Nouns var _Container = function(val){ this.val = val; } var Container = function(x){ return new _Contai…