Probability Concepts Unconditional probability and Conditional Probability Unconditional Probability (a.k.a. marginal probability): refer to the probability off an event regardless of the past or future occurrence of other events. Conditional Probabi…

I Proofs1 What is a Proof?2 The Well Ordering Principle3 Logical Formulas4 Mathematical Data Types5 Induction6 State Machines7 Recursive Data Types8 Infinite SetsII Structures9 Number Theory10 Directed graphs & Partial Orders11 Communication Networks…

Let $X=\{x_1,x_2,...,x_n\}$ be a finite set and let $P$ be a probability function defined on all subsets of $X$ with $P(\{x_i\})=a_i,~1\leq i \geq n,~0<a_i<1$ for i and $\sum^{n}_{i=1}=1$. $X$ together with $P$ is a discrete (finite) probability dis…

Stat2.2x Probability(概率)课程由加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)于2014年在edX平台讲授. PDF笔记下载(Academia.edu) ADDITIONAL PRACTICE FOR THE FINAL PROBLEM 1 A box contains 8 dark chocolates, 8 milk chocolates, and 8 white chocolates. (It’s amazing how t…

Stat2.2x Probability(概率)课程由加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)于2014年在edX平台讲授. PDF笔记下载(Academia.edu) Summary Law of Large Numbers As the number of trials increases, the chance that the proportion of successes is in the range $$p\pm\text{a fi…

Stat2.2x Probability(概率)课程由加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)于2014年在edX平台讲授. PDF笔记下载(Academia.edu) PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR THE MIDTERM PROBLEM 1 In a group of 5 high school students, 2 are in 9th grade, 2 are in 10th grade, and 1 is in 12th…

Stat2.2x Probability(概率)课程由加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)于2014年在edX平台讲授. PDF笔记下载(Academia.edu) Summary Independent $$P(A\cap B)=P(A)\cdot P(B)$$ Binomial Distribution $$C_{n}^{k}\cdot p^k\cdot(1-p)^{n-k}$$ R function: dbinom(k, n, p) U…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_probability the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events - hence the name…

Basics of Probability Probability density function (pdf). Let X be a continuous random variable. Then a probability distribution or probability density function (pdf) of X is a function f(x) such that any two numbers a and b with That is, the probabi…

The Basics of Probability Probability measures the amount of uncertainty of an event: a fact whose occurence is uncertain. Sample space refers to the set of all possible events, denoted as . Some properties: Sum rule: Union bound: Conditional probabi…