WPF自定义漂亮的按钮样式
首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，新建一个WPF项目，在上面随便放几个按钮：
然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色：
设置好之后就是这样啦：
然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了：
定义的样式代码如下：
| 以下为引用的内容： <Application x:Class="WPFButton.App" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" StartupUri="Window1.xaml"> <Application.Resources> <!--定义按钮样式--> <Style TargetType="Button"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/> <!--修改模板属性--> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <!--控件模板--> <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button"> <!--背景色--> <Border x:Name="back" Opacity="0.8" CornerRadius="3"> <Border.BitmapEffect> <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" /> </Border.BitmapEffect> <Border.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5"> <GradientBrush.GradientStops> <GradientStopCollection> <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/> <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/> <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/> </GradientStopCollection> </GradientBrush.GradientStops> </LinearGradientBrush> </Border.Background> <!--前景色及边框--> <Border x:Name="fore" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="#5555"> <Border.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1"> <GradientBrush.GradientStops> <GradientStopCollection> <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/> <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/> </GradientStopCollection> </GradientBrush.GradientStops> </LinearGradientBrush> </Border.Background> <!--按钮内容--> <ContentPresenter x:Name="content" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"> <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect> <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" /> </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect> </ContentPresenter> </Border> </Border> <!--触发器--> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <!--鼠标移入移出--> <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> <!--按钮按下弹起--> <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True"> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> <!--按钮失效--> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" /> <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" /> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </Application.Resources> </Application> |
看了先不要头大，我们先看看最终效果，然后回过头来再解释代码：
这是常规样式
这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式
这个是鼠标点击时的样式
还有就是按钮失效时的样式
效果还算不错吧，下面来讲解代码喽，头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。
我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素，它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。
| 以下为引用的内容：
<Border.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5"> <GradientBrush.GradientStops> <GradientStopCollection> <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/> <GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/> <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/> </GradientStopCollection> </GradientBrush.GradientStops> </LinearGradientBrush> </Border.Background> |
其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷，起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色，就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦，终止值是白色，这样通过位置调整，我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。
| 以下为引用的内容： <Border.BitmapEffect> <OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" /> </Border.BitmapEffect> |
它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果，平常是看不见这效果的，在这里预先设置好，是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。
再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素，它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果，我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框，使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。
| 以下为引用的内容： <Border.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1"> <GradientBrush.GradientStops> <GradientStopCollection> <GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/> <GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/> </GradientStopCollection> </GradientBrush.GradientStops> </LinearGradientBrush> </Border.Background> |
它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷，起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起，从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。
ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容，对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了，当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。
| 以下为引用的内容： <ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect> <DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" /> </ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect> |
我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。
剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ，我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。
| 以下为引用的内容： <!--鼠标移入移出--> <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> |
在鼠标移入按钮时，我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画，这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句，琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述，只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。
| 以下为引用的内容： <!--按钮按下弹起--> <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True"> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> |
按下和弹起按钮时，我们做了相似的动画改变，与前面相比只是数值略微不同。
| 以下为引用的内容： <!--按钮失效--> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" /> <DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" /> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" /> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" /> <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" /> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> |
当按钮失效时，我要改变很多东西，首先将文字颜色设为灰色，然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。
这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变，使之产生凹陷的效果。
好了，到这里就下课啦，文章有点冗长了，但应该对新手很有帮助，老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。
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