Kali linux 2016.2（Rolling）中的Nmap的端口扫描功能

　　不多说，直接上干货！

　　

　　如下，是使用Nmap对主机202.193.58.13进行一次端口扫描的结果，其中使用

root@kali:~# nmap -sS -Pn 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-17 22:04 CST
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (.0014s latency).
Not shown:  closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
/tcp   open  ftp
/tcp   open  ssh
/tcp   open  telnet
/tcp   open  smtp
/tcp   open  domain
/tcp   open  http
/tcp  open  rpcbind
/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
/tcp  open  exec
/tcp  open  login
/tcp  open  shell
/tcp open  rmiregistry
/tcp open  ingreslock
/tcp open  nfs
/tcp open  ccproxy-ftp
/tcp open  mysql
/tcp open  postgresql
/tcp open  vnc
/tcp open  X11
/tcp open  irc
/tcp open  ajp13
/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: :AD::::5C (Unknown)

Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 0.95 seconds
root@kali:~# 

　　默认参数下，nmap使用发送ICMP请求来探测存活主机（即-sP选项）

root@kali:~# nmap -sP 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-17 22:12 CST
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (.0017s latency).
MAC Address: :AD::::5C (Unknown)
Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 0.18 seconds
root@kali:~# 

　　如果是在INTERNET环境中，则应该使用-Pn选项，不要使用ICMP ping扫描，因为ICMP数据包通常无法穿透Internet上的网络边界；

　　还可以使用-PU通过对开放的UDP端口进行探测以确定存活的主机。

　　可以使用-O选项辨识目标主机的操作系统；

　　再加以-sV选项辨识操作系统中运行的服务的类型信息，如下

　　取更加详细的服务版本等信息，需要使用-sV选项，如下所示。

root@kali:~# nmap -sV -Pn 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-17 22:06 CST
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (0.0015s latency).
Not shown: 977 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE       VERSION
21/tcp   open  ftp           vsftpd 2.3.4
22/tcp   open  ssh           OpenSSH 4.7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)
23/tcp   open  telnet        Linux telnetd
25/tcp   open  smtp          Postfix smtpd
53/tcp   open  domain?
80/tcp   open  http?
111/tcp  open  rpcbind?
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn?
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds?
512/tcp  open  exec          netkit-rsh rexecd
513/tcp  open  login?
514/tcp  open  shell         Netkit rshd
1099/tcp open  rmiregistry?
1524/tcp open  shell         Metasploitable root shell
2049/tcp open  nfs?
2121/tcp open  ccproxy-ftp?
3306/tcp open  mysql         MySQL 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
5432/tcp open  postgresql?
5900/tcp open  vnc           VNC (protocol 3.3)
6000/tcp open  X11?
6667/tcp open  irc           Unreal ircd
8009/tcp open  ajp13?
8180/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: 84:AD:58:82:49:5C (Unknown)
Service Info: Hosts:  metasploitable.localdomain, irc.Metasploitable.LAN; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 23.64 seconds
root@kali:~# 

　　以补充Nmap工具的服务指纹数据库。

更多，其实，

msf > nmap -h
[*] exec: nmap -h

Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
  -sU: UDP Scan
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
msf >