kali 2.0 linux中的Nmap的操作系统扫描功能

　　不多说，直接上干货！

　　可以使用-O选项，让Nmap对目标的操作系统进行识别。

msf > nmap -O 202.193.58.13
[*] exec: nmap -O 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-17 23:18 CST
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (.0024s latency).
Not shown:  closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
/tcp   open  ftp
/tcp   open  ssh
/tcp   open  telnet
/tcp   open  smtp
/tcp   open  domain
/tcp   open  http
/tcp  open  rpcbind
/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
/tcp  open  exec
/tcp  open  login
/tcp  open  shell
/tcp open  rmiregistry
/tcp open  ingreslock
/tcp open  nfs
/tcp open  ccproxy-ftp
/tcp open  mysql
/tcp open  postgresql
/tcp open  vnc
/tcp open  X11
/tcp open  irc
/tcp open  ajp13
/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: :AD::::5C (Unknown)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6. - 2.6.
Network Distance:  hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 4.72 seconds
msf > 

或者

root@kali:~# nmap -O 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-17 23:21 CST
Stats: :: elapsed;  hosts completed ( up),  undergoing ARP Ping Scan
ARP Ping Scan Timing: About 100.00% done; ETC: : (:: remaining)
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (.0025s latency).
Not shown:  closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
/tcp   open  ftp
/tcp   open  ssh
/tcp   open  telnet
/tcp   open  smtp
/tcp   open  domain
/tcp   open  http
/tcp  open  rpcbind
/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
/tcp  open  exec
/tcp  open  login
/tcp  open  shell
/tcp open  rmiregistry
/tcp open  ingreslock
/tcp open  nfs
/tcp open  ccproxy-ftp
/tcp open  mysql
/tcp open  postgresql
/tcp open  vnc
/tcp open  X11
/tcp open  irc
/tcp open  ajp13
/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: :AD::::5C (Unknown)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6. - 2.6.
Network Distance:  hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 5.51 seconds
root@kali:~# 

　　大家，也可以拿下面的主机，来扫描

msf > nmap -A 202.193.58.13
[*] exec: nmap -A 202.193.58.13

Starting Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-23 11:46 CST
Nmap scan report for 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)
Host is up (.0021s latency).
Not shown:  closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE      VERSION
/tcp   open  ftp          vsftpd 2.3.
|_ftp-anon: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_ftp-bounce: no banner
/tcp   open  ssh          OpenSSH .7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)
/tcp   open  telnet       Linux telnetd
/tcp   open  smtp         Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: Couldn't establish connection on port 25
/tcp   open  domain?
/tcp   open  http?
/tcp  open  rpcbind?
/tcp  open  netbios-ssn?
/tcp  open  microsoft-ds Windows  Ultimate  Service Pack  microsoft-ds
/tcp  open  exec         netkit-rsh rexecd
/tcp  open  login?
/tcp  open  shell        Netkit rshd
/tcp open  rmiregistry?
/tcp open  shell        Metasploitable root shell
/tcp open  nfs?
/tcp open  ccproxy-ftp?
/tcp open  mysql        MySQL 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
/tcp open  postgresql?
/tcp open  vnc          VNC (protocol 3.3)
/tcp open  X11?
|_x11-access: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
/tcp open  irc          Unreal ircd
|_irc-info: Unable to open connection
/tcp open  ajp13?
/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: :AD::::5C (Unknown)
Device type: firewall
Running (JUST GUESSING): Fortinet embedded (%)
OS CPE: cpe:/h:fortinet:fortigate_100d
Aggressive OS guesses: Fortinet FortiGate 100D firewall (%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance:  hop
Service Info: Hosts:  metasploitable.localdomain, irc.Metasploitable.LAN; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Host script results:
|_clock-skew: mean: -24s, deviation: 0s, median: -24s
| smb-os-discovery:
|   OS: Windows  Ultimate  Service Pack  (Windows  Ultimate 6.1)
|   OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_7::sp1
|   Computer name: PH-PC
|   NetBIOS computer name: PH-PC
|   Workgroup: WORKGROUP
|_  System time: --23T11::+:
| smb-security-mode:
|   account_used: guest
|   authentication_level: user
|   challenge_response: supported
|_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
|_smbv2-enabled: Server supports SMBv2 protocol

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
   2.09 ms 13.58.193.202.in-addr.arpa (202.193.58.13)

Post-scan script results:
| clock-skew:
|_  -24s: Majority of systems scanned
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done:  IP address ( host up) scanned in 72.94 seconds
msf > 

　　更多，其实，

msf > nmap -h
[*] exec: nmap -h

Nmap 7.31 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.-255.1-
  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
  -sU: UDP Scan
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
    Ex: -p22; -p1-; -p U:,,,T:-,,,,S:
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from  (light) to  (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity )
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity )
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<->: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/ 10.0.0.0/
  nmap -v -iR  -Pn -p
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
msf >