Leetcode Copy List with Random Pointer(面试题推荐)
给大家推荐一道leetcode上的面试题,这道题的详细解说在《剑指offer》的P149页有思路解说。假设你手头有这本书。建议翻阅。
题目链接 here
A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point to any node in the list or null.
Return a deep copy of the list.
RandomList中。每一个节点不光有一个next指针。并且每一个链表节点都有一个random指针。随机指向链表中的一个节点,让你复制这个链表,节点的C++定义例如以下。
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list with a random pointer.
* struct RandomListNode {
* int label;
* RandomListNode *next, *random;
* RandomListNode(int x) : label(x), next(NULL), random(NULL) {}
* };
*/
看到这个题目,预计非常多人的第一反应是,先把这个单链表复制出来,然后挨个找random指向的节点。细致想想这样效率非常低。复制链表非常快。但确定每一个节点的random指针就不easy了,用这样的方法的话。每找一个random指针,都必须遍历一次链表。时间复杂度O(n^2)。
可能也有人可能会想到时间换空间的方法,用hash把时间复杂度降到O(n)。
当然,还有更省时省空间的方法。
大概思路就是,在原链表的基础上,把每一个节点复制一份加的原来节点的后面,然后设置好新节点random指针,在把全部的新节点从原链表中分离出来。构成一个新链表,这个链表就是我们要的原链表的拷贝。
以下有三个函数,第一个明显就是复制新节点并把其增加到被复制节点的后面。第二个。由于新节点的random指针还是指向旧节点的。要把它指向新节点。非常easy,由于每一个节点的新节点都是在原来的节点之后的。
第三个函数。把新节点从原链表中抽离,构成一个新链表。
这样的方法的优点就是。时间复杂度仅仅有O(n),并且我们不须要额外的空间。
class Solution {
public:
void CloneNode(RandomListNode *head) {
RandomListNode * p = head;
while (NULL != p) {
RandomListNode * CloneNode = new RandomListNode(p->label);
CloneNode->next = p->next;
CloneNode->random = p->random;
p->next = CloneNode;
p = CloneNode->next;
}
}
void ConnectRandomNode(RandomListNode * head) {
RandomListNode * p = head;
while (NULL != p) {
RandomListNode *pclone = p->next;
if (NULL != pclone->random) {
pclone->random = pclone->random->next;
}
p = pclone->next;
}
}
RandomListNode *copyRandomList(RandomListNode *head) {
if (NULL == head)
return head;
CloneNode(head);
ConnectRandomNode(head);
RandomListNode *pnode = head;
RandomListNode *pclonehead = pnode->next;
RandomListNode *pclonenode = pnode->next;
while (NULL != pnode) {
pnode->next = pclonenode->next;
pnode = pnode->next;
if (NULL != pnode){
pclonenode->next = pnode->next;
pclonenode = pclonenode->next;
}
}
return pclonehead;
}
};
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