A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point to any node in the list or null.

Return a deep copy of the list.

Example 1:

Input:
{"$id":"1","next":{"$id":"2","next":null,"random":{"$ref":"2"},"val":2},"random":{"$ref":"2"},"val":1} Explanation:
Node 1's value is 1, both of its next and random pointer points to Node 2.
Node 2's value is 2, its next pointer points to null and its random pointer points to itself.

Note:

  1. You must return the copy of the given head as a reference to the cloned list.

这道链表的深度拷贝题的难点就在于如何处理随机指针的问题,由于每一个节点都有一个随机指针,这个指针可以为空,也可以指向链表的任意一个节点,如果在每生成一个新节点给其随机指针赋值时,都要去遍历原链表的话,OJ 上肯定会超时,所以可以考虑用 HashMap 来缩短查找时间,第一遍遍历生成所有新节点时同时建立一个原节点和新节点的 HashMap,第二遍给随机指针赋值时,查找时间是常数级。代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
if (!head) return nullptr;
Node *res = new Node(head->val, nullptr, nullptr);
Node *node = res, *cur = head->next;
unordered_map<Node*, Node*> m;
m[head] = res;
while (cur) {
Node *t = new Node(cur->val, nullptr, nullptr);
node->next = t;
m[cur] = t;
node = node->next;
cur = cur->next;
}
node = res; cur = head;
while (cur) {
node->random = m[cur->random];
node = node->next;
cur = cur->next;
}
return res;
}
};

我们可以使用递归的解法,写起来相当的简洁,还是需要一个 HashMap 来建立原链表结点和拷贝链表结点之间的映射。在递归函数中,首先判空,若为空,则返回空指针。然后就是去 HashMap 中查找是否已经在拷贝链表中存在了该结点,是的话直接返回。否则新建一个拷贝结点 res,然后建立原结点和该拷贝结点之间的映射,然后就是要给拷贝结点的 next 和 random 指针赋值了,直接分别调用递归函数即可,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
unordered_map<Node*, Node*> m;
return helper(head, m);
}
Node* helper(Node* node, unordered_map<Node*, Node*>& m) {
if (!node) return nullptr;
if (m.count(node)) return m[node];
Node *res = new Node(node->val, nullptr, nullptr);
m[node] = res;
res->next = helper(node->next, m);
res->random = helper(node->random, m);
return res;
}
};

当然,如果使用 HashMap 占用额外的空间,如果这道题限制了空间的话,就要考虑别的方法。下面这个方法很巧妙,可以分为以下三个步骤:

1. 在原链表的每个节点后面拷贝出一个新的节点。

2. 依次给新的节点的随机指针赋值,而且这个赋值非常容易 cur->next->random = cur->random->next。

3. 断开链表可得到深度拷贝后的新链表。

举个例子来说吧,比如原链表是 1(2) -> 2(3) -> 3(1),括号中是其 random 指针指向的结点,那么这个解法是首先比遍历一遍原链表,在每个结点后拷贝一个同样的结点,但是拷贝结点的 random 指针仍为空,则原链表变为 1(2) -> 1(null) -> 2(3) -> 2(null) -> 3(1) -> 3(null)。然后第二次遍历,是将拷贝结点的 random 指针赋上正确的值,则原链表变为 1(2) -> 1(2) -> 2(3) -> 2(3) -> 3(1) -> 3(1),注意赋值语句为:

cur->next->random = cur->random->next;

这里的 cur 是原链表中结点,cur->next 则为拷贝链表的结点,cur->next->random 则为拷贝链表的 random 指针。cur->random 为原链表结点的 random 指针指向的结点,因为其指向的还是原链表的结点,所以我们要再加个 next,才能指向拷贝链表的结点。最后再遍历一次,就是要把原链表和拷贝链表断开即可,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
if (!head) return nullptr;
Node *cur = head;
while (cur) {
Node *t = new Node(cur->val, nullptr, nullptr);
t->next = cur->next;
cur->next = t;
cur = t->next;
}
cur = head;
while (cur) {
if (cur->random) cur->next->random = cur->random->next;
cur = cur->next->next;
}
cur = head;
Node *res = head->next;
while (cur) {
Node *t = cur->next;
cur->next = t->next;
if (t->next) t->next = t->next->next;
cur = cur->next;
}
return res;
}
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/138

参考资料:

Clone Graph

类似题目:

https://leetcode.com/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/

https://leetcode.com/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/discuss/43488/Java-O(n)-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/discuss/43567/C%2B%2B-simple-recursive-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/copy-list-with-random-pointer/discuss/43491/A-solution-with-constant-space-complexity-O(1)-and-linear-time-complexity-O(N)

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

[LeetCode] Copy List with Random Pointer 拷贝带有随机指针的链表的更多相关文章

  1. [LeetCode] 138. Copy List with Random Pointer 拷贝带有随机指针的链表

    A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point t ...

  2. [Leetcode] Copy list with random pointer 对带有任意指针的链表深度拷贝

    A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point t ...

  3. [LeetCode] 138. Copy List with Random Pointer 拷贝带随机指针的链表

    A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point t ...

  4. [leetcode]138. Copy List with Random Pointer复制带有随机指针的链表

    public RandomListNode copyRandomList(RandomListNode head) { /* 深复制,就是不能只是复制原链表变量,而是做一个和原来链表一模一样的新链表, ...

  5. 力扣——Copy List with Random Pointer(复制带随机指针的链表) python实现

    题目描述: 中文: 给定一个链表,每个节点包含一个额外增加的随机指针,该指针可以指向链表中的任何节点或空节点. 要求返回这个链表的深拷贝. 示例: 输入:{"$id":" ...

  6. LeetCode——Copy List with Random Pointer

    A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point t ...

  7. 133. Clone Graph 138. Copy List with Random Pointer 拷贝图和链表

    133. Clone Graph Clone an undirected graph. Each node in the graph contains a label and a list of it ...

  8. Leetcode Copy List with Random Pointer

    A linked list is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer which could point t ...

  9. Leetcode Copy List with Random Pointer(面试题推荐)

    给大家推荐一道leetcode上的面试题,这道题的详细解说在<剑指offer>的P149页有思路解说.假设你手头有这本书.建议翻阅. 题目链接 here A linked list is ...

随机推荐

  1. How do servlets work-Instantiation, sessions, shared variables and multithreading[reproduced]

    When the servletcontainer (like Apache Tomcat) starts up, it will deploy and load all webapplication ...

  2. scikit-learn一般实例之七:使用多输出评估器进行人脸完成

    本例将展示使用多输出评估期来实现图像完成.目标是根据给出的上半部分人脸预测人脸的下半部分. 第一列展示的是真实的人脸,接下来的列分别展示了随机森林,K近邻,线性回归和岭回归对人脸下半部分的预测. # ...

  3. Node.js的Formidable模块的使用

    今天总结了下Node.js的Formidable模块的使用,下面做一些简要的说明. 1)     创建Formidable.IncomingForm对象 var form = new formidab ...

  4. 解决 Tomcat Server in Eclipse unable to start within 45 seconds 不能启动的问题

    1.在 Eclipse 下方  Servers TAB页,双击 "Tomcat 7.0 at localhost": 2.在右上角处点开 Timeouts 的设定,修改Start( ...

  5. .NET Core 2.0版本预计于2017年春季发布

    英文原文: NET Core 2.0 Planned for Spring 2017 微软项目经理 Immo Landwerth 公布了即将推出的 .NET Core 2.0 版本的细节,该版本预计于 ...

  6. 智软科技医疗器械GSP监管软件通过多省市药监局检查

    提供医疗器械GSP监管软件,通过多省市药监局检查,符合2016年最新GSP监管条例的要求. 企业客户列表 温岭市万悦医疗器械有限公司 杭州市上善医疗器械有限公司 武汉明德生物科技股份有限公司 http ...

  7. 阶段一:用Handler和Message实现计时效果及其中一些疑问

    “阶段一”是指我第一次系统地学习Android开发.这主要是对我的学习过程作个记录. 本来是打算继续做天气预报的优化的,但因为某些原因,我要先把之前做的小应用优化一下.所以今天就插播一下用Handle ...

  8. 关于addSubView需要注意的事项 -今天吃了一个大亏

    addSubview: Adds a view to the end of the receiver’s list of subviews. 译:增加一个视图到接收者的子视图列表中. - (void) ...

  9. Android 多个listview的实现

    正好,今天项目中需要,先写了个demo,给大家参考参考. 先上图,需要的自己,看看具体的代码实现步骤 大概说一下实现步骤: 1.布局中先用 scrollview 包裹 LinearLayout < ...

  10. Allocators与Criterion的相同点及区别

    C++98: 1.相同点: Allocators having the same type were assumed to be equal so that memory allocated by o ...