poj 3225 Help with Intervals(线段树，区间更新)

Help with Intervals

Time Limit: 6000MS		Memory Limit: 131072K
Total Submissions: 12474		Accepted: 3140
Case Time Limit: 2000MS

Description

LogLoader, Inc. is a company specialized in providing products for analyzing logs. While Ikki is working on graduation design, he is also engaged in an internship at LogLoader. Among his tasks, one is to write a module for manipulating time intervals, which have confused him a lot. Now he badly needs your help.

In discrete mathematics, you have studied several basic set operations, namely union, intersection, relative complementation and symmetric difference, which naturally apply to the specialization of sets as intervals.. For your quick reference they are summarized in the table below:

Operation	Notation	Definition
Union	A ∪ B	{x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
Intersection	A ∩ B	{x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
Relative complementation	A − B	{x : x ∈ A but x ∉ B}
Symmetric difference	A ⊕ B	(A − B) ∪ (B − A)

Ikki has abstracted the interval operations emerging from his job as a tiny programming language. He wants you to implement an interpreter for him. The language maintains a set S, which starts out empty and is modified as specified by the following commands:

Command	Semantics
U T	S ← S ∪ T
I T	S ← S ∩ T
D T	S ← S − T
C T	S ← T − S
S T	S ← S ⊕ T

Input

The input contains exactly one test case, which consists of between 0 and 65,535 (inclusive) commands of the language. Each command occupies a single line and appears like

X T

where X is one of ‘U’, ‘I’, ‘D’, ‘C’ and ‘S’ and T is an interval in one of the forms (a,b), (a,b], [a,b) and [a,b] (a, b ∈ Z, 0 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 65,535), which take their usual meanings. The commands are executed in the order they appear in the input.

End of file (EOF) indicates the end of input.

Output

Output the set S as it is after the last command is executed as the union of a minimal collection of disjoint intervals. The intervals should be printed on one line separated by single spaces and appear in increasing order of their endpoints. If S is empty, just print “empty set” and nothing else.

Sample Input

U [1,5]
D [3,3]
S [2,4]
C (1,5)
I (2,3]

Sample Output

(2,3)

Source

PKU Local 2007 (POJ Monthly--2007.04.28), frkstyc

---

很久没做线段树了，拿来练手一脸懵逼。

这题坑点太多了，空集情况要考虑（这个坑了好久），边界要考虑（你以为是真无穷吗那不是药丸）

题解摘自kungbin博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/kuangbin/archive/2013/04/10/3012986.html

 

题意：给一个全局为0~65536的区间，一开始区间s为空间，然后不断地对区间s进行并上一个区间，交一个区间，减一个区间，用一个区间减去s，还有异或下两个区间。。。

题意:区间操作,交,并,补等
思路:
我们一个一个操作来分析:(用0和1表示是否包含区间,-1表示该区间内既有包含又有不包含)
U:把区间[l,r]覆盖成1
I:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0
D:把区间[l,r]覆盖成0
C:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0 , 且[l,r]区间0/1互换
S:[l,r]区间0/1互换

分析：这题的各个操作都可以用线段树的成段更新在log（65536*2）的时间内完成

U：并上一个区间，也就是，将这个区间置1就行

I：交上一个区间[l,r]，将区间[-∞,l)和(r,∞]置0

D：减去一个区间，将这个区间置0就行

C：用一个区间[l,r]减去s，将区间[-∞,l)和(r,∞]置0，区间[l,r]取反就行

S：求异或，区间[l,r]取反就行

现在上面的所有操作都在理论上解决掉了，而区间的开或闭这个直接把所有区间乘2，对于左边的开区间要加1，右边减1。

记得！空集！还有边界的0!MAXN!

 #include<cstdio>
 #include<iostream>
 #include<cstring>
 #define clr(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x))
 const int MAXN=*;
 using namespace std;
 struct segtree
 {
     int l,r,rev,val;// val==0表示全部没有覆盖，val==1表示全部被覆盖，其余为-1,rev==1表示取反,rev==0表示不变，只有val==-1时候rev才有作用
 }tree[MAXN*+];
 int cov[MAXN*+];
 void init(int l,int r,int i)//初始化
 {
     tree[i].l=l;
     tree[i].r=r;
     tree[i].rev=tree[i].val=;
     if(l==r) return ;
     int mid=(l+r)>>;
     init(l,mid,i<<);
     init(mid+,r,(i<<)+);
     return ;
 }
 void reverse(int i)//取反
 {
     if(tree[i].val!=-) tree[i].val^=;
     else
         tree[i].rev^=;
  }
  void downto(int i)//向下更新
  {
      if(tree[i].val!=-)
      {
          tree[i<<].val=tree[(i<<)+].val=tree[i].val;
         tree[i].val=-;
          tree[i<<].rev=tree[(i<<)+].rev=;
     }
     if(tree[i].rev)
     {
         reverse(i<<);
         reverse((i<<)+);
         tree[i].rev=;
     }
     return ;
  }
 void update(int i,int l,int r,int op)//操作更新区间
 {
     if(l<=tree[i].l && r>=tree[i].r)
     {
         if(op== || op==)
         {
             tree[i].val=op;
             tree[i].rev=;
         }
         else
             reverse(i);
         return;
     }
     downto(i);
     int mid=(tree[i].l+tree[i].r)>>;
     if(r<=mid)
         update(i<<,l,r,op);
     else
         if(l>mid)
             update((i<<)+,l,r,op);
         else
         {
             update((i<<),l,r,op);
             update((i<<)+,l,r,op);
         }
     return ;
 }
 void query(int i)//标识出哪些区间存在，cov数组用来记录
 {
     if(tree[i].val==)
     {
         for(int j=tree[i].l;j<=tree[i].r;j++)
             cov[j]=;
         return ;
     }
     if(tree[i].val==)
         return;
     if(tree[i].l==tree[i].r) return ;
     downto(i);
     query(i<<);
     query((i<<)+);
     return ;
 }
 int main()
 {
     int lt,rt;
     char op,lc,rc;
     init(,MAXN,);
     while(scanf(" %c %c%d,%d%c",&op,&lc,&lt,&rt,&rc)!=EOF)
     {
         lt<<=;
         if(lc=='(')
             lt++;
         rt<<=;
         if(rc==')')
             rt--;
         if(lt>rt)//空集情况！一定要注意
         {
             if(op=='I' || op=='C') update(,,MAXN,);
         }
         else
         {
             if(op=='U')
             {
                 update(,lt,rt,);
             }
             if(op=='I')
             {
                 if(lt>)update(,,lt-,);//注意边界lt>0 才能-1，rt也是如此。
                 if(rt<MAXN)update(,rt+,MAXN,);
             }
             if(op=='D')
             {
                 update(,lt,rt,);
             }
             if(op=='C')
             {
                 if(lt>)update(,,lt-,);
                 if(rt<MAXN)update(,rt+,MAXN,);
                 update(,lt,rt,);
             }
             if(op=='S')
             {
                 update(,lt,rt,);
             }
         }
     }
     clr(cov);
     query();
     lt=;
     rt=-;
     for(int i=;i<=MAXN;i++)
     {
         if(cov[i]== && cov[i+]==)
         {
             lt=i+;
         }
         if(cov[i]== && cov[i+]==)
         {
             rt=i;
             if(lt%==)
                 printf("(%d,",lt/);
             else
                 printf("[%d,",lt/);
             if(rt%==)
                 printf("%d) ",rt/+);
             else
                 printf("%d] ",rt/);
         }
     }
     if(lt>rt)
     {
         printf("empty set\n");
     }
     else
         printf("\n");
     return ;
 }