题目来源:

https://leetcode.com/problems/regular-expression-matching/


题意分析:

这道题目定义了两个正则表达式规则。’.’代表任意字符,’*’代表前一个字符出现任意次。输入两个字符串s,p。如果s可以被p完全匹配则返回True,否则返回False。比如’.*’可以匹配任意字符串。


题目思路:

这道题目如果直接import 正则表达式肯定是不行的,因为题目只定义了2个特殊字符,而正则表达式包括很多特殊字符,所以直接import正则表达式肯定是不行的。

从第一个字符开始搜索,对以下情况进行讨论:

①如果(s[0] == p[0]or p[0] == ‘.’)且p的第二个字符不是’*’,那么如果两个字符同时去掉第一个字符,结果不变。

②如果p[0] == ‘.’且p[1] == ‘*’那么如果存在s[i:],i >= 0被p[2:]完全匹配,则s可以被p完全匹配(s[i:]代表s字符除掉0到i下标的字符)。

③如果p[0] != ‘.’且p[1] == ‘*’,那么如果s[0] != p[0]那么如果s可以被p[2:]匹配,则s可以被p完全匹配。

④如果s[0] == p[0]那么如果存在s[i:](i >= 0 且 s[j] == p[0] 0<= j <i)被p[2:]完全匹配,那么s可以被p完全匹配。

经过上面的分析,这道题目可以用动态规划来做。用b[i][j]来代表由s除掉0到i下标的字符能否被由p除掉0到j下标的字符完全匹配,也就是s[i:]能否被p[j:]完全匹配。根据上一段的分析可以得到:

if p[j + 1] != ‘*’

if s[i] == p[j] or p[j] == ‘.’ then b[i][j] = b[i + 1][j + 1]

fi

else

if p[j] == ‘.’ then

if exist k (i<=k) b[k][j + 2] = true then b[i][j] = true

else b[i][j] = false

fi

else

if exist k(i <= k)b[k][j + 2] = true and all l (0 <= l <k) s[l] = p[0] then b[i][j] =true

else b[i][j] = false

fi

fi

return b[0][0]

PS:由于python的二维数组初始化比较麻烦,或者是因为我对python的不熟,我选择用dictionary来处理,b[i,j]代替b[i][j].


代码(python):

 class Solution(object):
def isMatch(self,s, p):
size1 = len(s)
size2 = len(p)
b = {}
s1 = 0
while s1 <= size1:
s2 = 0
while s2 <= size2:
b[s1,s2] = False
s2 += 1
s1 += 1
b[size1,size2] = True
j = size2 - 1
while j >= 0:
if p[j] == '*':
b[size1,j] = False
j -= 1
b[size1,j] = True
j -= 1
else:
break
j = size2 - 1
while j >= 0:
if p[j] == '.':
i = size1 - 1
while i >= 0:
b[i,j] = b[i + 1,j + 1]
i -= 1
elif p[j] != '*':
i = size1 - 1
while i >= 0:
if p[j] == s[i]:
b[i,j] = b[i + 1,j + 1]
else:
b[i,j] = False
i -= 1
else:
i = size1 - 1
if p[j - 1] == '.':
while i >= 0:
k = i
while k <= size1:
if b[k,j + 1]:
b[i,j - 1] =True
break
k += 1
i -= 1
else:
while i >= 0:
k = i
while k <= size1:
if b[k,j + 1]:
b[i,j - 1] = True
break
if k == size1:
break
if p[j - 1] != s[k]:
break
k +=1
i -= 1
j -= 1
j -= 1
return b[0,0]

转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/chruny/p/4807234.html

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