ASP.NET MVC中移除冗余Response Header

本文主要介绍如何优化ASP.NET MVC使用IIS时Response Header中的不必要的信息

---

默认的，创建一个ASP.NET MVC项目，会在Response Header中包含一些敏感的信息，这些信息是没有什么用处的但是会暴露出IIS的配置信息等。

下面是默认的Response Header信息：

Cache-Control:private, s-maxage=0
Content-Encoding:gzip
Content-Length:8024
Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8
Date:Fri, 30 Sep 2016 03:17:10 GMT
Server:Microsoft-IIS/10.0
Vary:Accept-Encoding
X-AspNet-Version:4.0.30319
X-AspNetMvc-Version:5.2
X-Frame-Options:SAMEORIGIN
X-Powered-By:ASP.NET
X-SourceFiles:=?UTF-8?B?RDpcV29ya1wyMDE2XE56TmQuSWRlbnRpdHlcR0xELldlYlxTdXBlclxVc2Vycw==?=

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

以上内容中，红色部分并不是必须输出的信息，相反会暴露服务器的一些配置信息等，以下逐一介绍如何移除不需要的输出信息：

• X-AspNetMvc-Version

打开Global.asax.cs ，在Application_Start方法中，添加如下代码：

MvcHandler.DisableMvcResponseHeader = true;

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

• Server

同样在Global.asax.cs 中，添加如下代码

protected void Application_PreSendRequestHeaders(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    HttpApplication app = sender as HttpApplication;
    if (app != null &&
        app.Context != null)
    {
        app.Context.Response.Headers.Remove("Server");
    }
}

• X-AspNet-Version

在Web.config文件中找到system.web节点，添加如下配置：

<httpRuntime enableVersionHeader="false" />

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

• X-Powered-By

在Web.Config文件中找到system.webservice，添加如下配置：

<httpProtocol>
  <customHeaders>
    <remove name="X-Powered-By" />
  </customHeaders>
</httpProtocol>

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

OK，做完上面的操作，编译后打开，F12中可以看到，Response Header内容如下：

Cache-Control:private, s-maxage=0
Content-Encoding:gzip
Content-Length:8018
Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8
Date:Fri, 30 Sep 2016 02:35:39 GMT
Vary:Accept-Encoding
X-Frame-Options:SAMEORIGIN
X-SourceFiles:=?UTF-8?B?RDpcV29ya1wyMDE2XE56TmQuSWRlbnRpdHlcR0xELldlYlxTdXBlclxVc2Vycw==?=

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

不必要的信息已经被去掉了。清爽很多！