AFNetworking3.0概述

最近一直在研究iOS网络开发，对NSURLSession套件进行了深入研究，作为iOS开发者，熟悉苹果的原生技术，可以在不需要第三方框架的情况下进行网络开发，也更有利于从底层了解iOS网络请求的原理，不过为了便捷开发，我们可能使用点第三方的框架的机会会更多，这就不得不提AFNetworking了，我将通过本文总结AFNetworking2.0的使用。

AFNetworking的版本和要求

我们先来了解AFNetworking的各个版本：

AFNetworking的结构

我们再通过一张表来清晰地介绍AFNetworking 2.0包含的类，以及它的结构。

AFNetworking 2.0类结构
NSURLConnection	AFURLConnectionOperation	NSOperation子类，实现NSURLConnection代理方法
	AFHTTPRequestOperation	AFURLConnectionOperation子类，用于http和https请求，封装了状态码和content type
	AFHTTPRequestOperationManager	封装了常见的http网络通信，包括request请求的建立、response响应的数据格式序列化、网络状态监控、安全以及请求的管理等工作。
NSURLSession	AFURLSessionManager	对NSURLSession网络请求技术的封装。它基于NSURLSessionConfiguration对象来创建和管理NSURLSession对象，并且遵守了NSURLSessionTaskDelegate、NSURLSessionDataDelegate、NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate、NSURLSessionDelegate。
	AFHTTPSessionManager	AFURLSessionManager的子类，主要提供了了http请求的有关方法
Serialization 序列化	AFHTTPRequestSerializer
	AFJSONRequestSerializer
	AFPropertyListRequestSerializer
	AFHTTPResponseSerializer
	AFJSONResponseSerializer
	AFXMLParserResponseSerializer
	AFXMLDocumentResponseSerializer
	AFPropertyListResponseSerializer
	AFImageResponseSerializer
	AFCompoundResponseSerializer
监控网络	AFNetworkReachabilityManager	AFNetworkReachabilityManager监测域名以及IP地址的畅通性，对于WWAN以及WiFi的网络接口都管用。
附加功能	AFSecurityPolicy
	AFNetworkReachabilityManager

AFNetworking各大类介绍

一、AFHTTPRequestOperationManager

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager封装了常见的http网络通信，包括request请求的建立、response响应的数据格式序列化、网络状态监控、安全以及请求的管理等工作。

1.get请求

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
[manager GET:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
    NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];

2.post请求

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};
[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
    NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];

3.更复杂的post请求

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};
NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
    [formData appendPartWithFileURL:filePath name:@"image" error:nil];
} success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
    NSLog(@"Success: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];

二、AFURLSessionManager

AFURLSessionManager主要是对NSURLSession网络请求技术的封装。它基于NSURLSessionConfiguration对象来创建和管理NSURLSession对象，并且遵守了NSURLSessionTaskDelegate、NSURLSessionDataDelegate、NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate、NSURLSessionDelegate。

1.创建下载任务

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/download.zip"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];

NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {
    NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
    return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);
}];
[downloadTask resume];

2.创建上传任务

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];

NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
    } else {
        NSLog(@"Success: %@ %@", response, responseObject);
    }
}];
[uploadTask resume];

3.创建包含进度显示的复杂的上传任务

NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.jpg"] name:@"file" fileName:@"filename.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
    } error:nil];

AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
NSProgress *progress = nil;

NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:&progress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
    } else {
        NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
    }
}];

[uploadTask resume];

4.创建数据任务

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];

NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [manager dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
    } else {
        NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
    }
}];
[dataTask resume];

三、AFNetworkReachabilityManager

AFNetworkReachabilityManager监测域名以及IP地址的畅通性，对于WWAN以及WiFi的网络接口都管用。

1.单例形式检测网络畅通性

[[AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager] setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
    NSLog(@"Reachability: %@", AFStringFromNetworkReachabilityStatus(status));
}];

2.用基本的URL管理HTTP

NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/"];
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL];

NSOperationQueue *operationQueue = manager.operationQueue;
[manager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
  switch (status) {
    case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN:
    case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi:
      [operationQueue setSuspended:NO];
      break;
    case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable:
    default:
      [operationQueue setSuspended:YES];
      break;
  }
}];

四、AFHTTPRequestOperation

　　AFHTTPRequestOperation 继承自 AFURLConnectionOperation，使用HTTP以及HTTPS协议来处理网络请求。它封装成了一个可以令人接受的代码形式。当然AFHTTPRequestOperationManager 目前是最好的用来处理网络请求的方式，但AFHTTPRequestOperation 也有它自己的用武之地。

1.AFHTTPRequestOperation发送get请求

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/resources/123.json"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
AFHTTPRequestOperation *op = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];
op.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
[op setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
    NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperation:op];

2.多操作一起进行

NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) {
    NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@"images[]" error:nil];
    }];

    AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];

    [mutableOperations addObject:operation];
}

NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[...] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) {
    NSLog(@"%lu of %lu complete", numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations);
} completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) {
    NSLog(@"All operations in batch complete");
}];
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];