阿里云CentOS数据盘挂载（磁盘扩容）

1. df -h

Disk label type 值为dos表示MBR分区，值为gpt表示GPT分区。

[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# yum install -y parted

[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# yum install -y e2fsprogs

其中：

• /dev/vdb1：已创建好文件系统的数据盘分区，您需要根据实际情况修改对应的分区名称。
• /opt：挂载（mount）的目录节点，您需要根据实际情况修改。 /opt 不能改成 / 或已有盘符，这样就会和vda抢占根目录，这样的话会直接导致服务器崩溃，因为数据都在vda1那里
• ext4：分区的文件系统类型，您需要根据创建的文件系统类型修改。

[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.9G  652K  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  3.4G   35G   9% /
tmpfs           783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c7bcb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5181edbf.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/vdb

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5181edbf

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2174746624
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vdb1
mkfs.xfs: /dev/vdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext4).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# echo `blkid /dev/vdb1 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'` /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Feb  8 06:52:06 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=42616xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxd9e935 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=5d371xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx12055 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# mount -a
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.9G  692K  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  3.4G   35G   9% /
tmpfs           783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1        99G   61M   94G   1% /opt
[root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# 

 [root@iZuf66gcq71y5hlfv02w6aZ ~]# mount -o remount,rw /

不执行 mount -o remount,rw / 可能会报   【Unable to create tempDir. java.io.tmpdir is set to /tmp】

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