lfs（systemd版本）学习笔记-第4页

lfs（systemd版本）学习笔记-第3页 的地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/renren-study-notes/p/10385857.html

第7.2章节

网络配置

1.网络设备命名

cat > /etc/systemd/network/-ether0.link << "EOF"
[Match]
# Change the MAC address as appropriate for your network device
MACAddress=:::::AB（更改为网卡的mac号，在主机使用ifconfig查看）

[Link]
Name=ether0（更改为网卡的名字，在主机使用ifconfig查看）
EOF

2.静态ip配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/-eth-static.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.2/
Gateway=192.168.0.1
DNS=192.168.0.1（使用静态/etc/resolv.conf文件，这个选项可以去掉）
Domains=<Your Domain Name>
EOF

3.dhcp配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/-eth-dhcp.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCP]
UseDomains=true
EOF

4.systemd-resolved配置

ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

5.静态resolv.conf配置

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain <Your Domain Name>
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

6.配置主机名字

echo "<lfs>" > /etc/hostname

<lfs>更换为主机名字

7.创建/etc/hosts文件

（1）使用dhcp自动分配

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.1.1> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2 ...]
::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1   ip6-allnodes
ff02::2   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

（2）使用静态地址

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.0.2> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2] ...
::       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::   ip6-allnodes
ff02::   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

第7.5章节

如果电脑上面是多系统，并且有windows系统，就不要使用系统硬件时间作为系统时间（会有时差）。如果没有windows系统不需要更改。具体内容参见：我的linux时间综述笔记地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/renren-study-notes/p/10229743.html

硬件时间设置为本地时间

cat > /etc/adjtime << "EOF"
0.0  0.0

LOCAL
EOF

第7.7章节

配置语言环境

运行以下命令获取Glibc支持的所有语言环境的列表：

locale -a

结果：

C
en_US.utf8
POSIX
zh_CN.utf8

这里我们选择en_US.utf8

以下是对对所选择的语言的测试

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix

确定正确的区域设置后，创建 /etc/profile文件：

cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
LANG=en_US.utf8
EOF

第7.8章节

1.创建/etc/inputrc配置文件

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc
EOF

第7.9章节

1.创建/etc/shells文件

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells

/bin/sh
/bin/bash

# End /etc/shells
EOF

第7.10章节

1.引导时禁用屏幕清除

mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d

cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf << EOF
[Service]
TTYVTDisallocate=no
EOF

2.禁用/ tmp的tmpfs

ln -sfv /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount

第8.2章节

1.更改为lfs所创建的分区到相应位置即可（这个文件是配置lfs开机自动挂载的分区）

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab

# file system  mount-point  type     options             dump  fsck
#                                                              order

/dev/<xxx>     /            <fff>    defaults            1     1
/dev/<yyy>     swap         swap     pri=1               0     0

# End /etc/fstab
EOF

第8.3章节

配置编译安装linux内核

1.首先进入sources目录

cd   /sources

2.解压内核文件压缩包

tar  -xvf linux-4.20.12.tar.xz

3.进入内核包目录

cd linux-4.20.12

4.准备编译

make mrproper

5.设置默认内核配置状态

make defconfig

6.设置内核也可以通过修改.config文件来进行设置

make menuconfig

7.设置书中提供的以下选项

General setup -->
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features by default [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2]
   [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]
   [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]
   [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]
Processor type and features  --->
   [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]
Networking support  --->
  Networking options  --->
   <*> The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]
Device Drivers  --->
  Generic Driver Options  --->
   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]
   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]
   [ ] Fallback user-helper invocation for firmware loading [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]
Firmware Drivers  --->
   [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]
File systems  --->
   [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]
   <*> Kernel automounter version  support (also supports v3) [CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS]
  Pseudo filesystems  --->
   [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
   [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]
Kernel hacking  --->
       Choose kernel unwinder (Frame pointer unwinder)  ---> [CONFIG_UNWINDER_FRAME_POINTER]

8.如果您的主机硬件使用UEFI，请自行添加此项设置

Processor type and features  --->
   [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]

9.设置调整完保存退出即可

10.编译内核映像和模块

make -j8

11.安装配置模块

make modules_install

12.复制一些内核的启动文件到boot分区

cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.20.12-lfs-8.4-systemd

cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-4.20.12

cp -iv .config /boot/config-4.20.12

13.安装Linux内核的文档：

install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12

14.配置linux模块加载顺序

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf

install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true

# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

15.返回sources目录并删除包目录

cd $LFS/sources

rm -rf linux-4.20.12

第8.4章节

安装配置grub引导

1.安装grub引导到MBR

grub-install /dev/sda

2.创建grub配置文件

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,2)  括号里面更改为你所安装lfs的分区或boot分区 例如/dev/sda2为（hd0,2）

menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda2 ro（这里的/dev/sda2更改为你所安装lfs的分区号 例如/dev/sda2）
}               （如果boot单独分区，则把这里的/boot删除。）

EOF

多系统引导文件示例：

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
        insmod ext2
        set root=(hd0,5)
        linux   /vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda6 ro
}
menuentry 'Manjaro Linux'{
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,msdos9'
        linux   /vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=/dev/sda10 ro
        initrd  /intel-ucode.img /initramfs-4.19-x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'Windows 7 (on /dev/sda1)'{
        insmod ntfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        chainloader +1
}
EOF

第9.1章节

设置系统版本及版本号

cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="8.4-systemd"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch 8.4-systemd"
VERSION_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括号里改为自己起的名字）
EOF

echo 8.3-systemd > /etc/lfs-release

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.4-systemd"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括号里改为自己起的名字）
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF

第9.3章节

运行下面的命令，退出chroot，卸载lfs的分区

exit

umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys

umount -v $LFS

umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS

重启进入lfs系统

reboot

附录

如果需要本机的grub引导lfs则在root用户下运行以下命令创建lfs的引导项

需要安装os-prober软件包，并挂载lfs的分区，在运行下面命令，添加lfs的启动项

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

确定添加完lfs引导项后，重启机器进入lfs选项，即可进入lfs操作系统。