Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

        _______6______
/ \
___2__ ___8__
/ \ / \
0 _4 7 9
/ \
3 5

For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 2 and 8 is 6. Another example is LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.


题目标签:Tree
  这道题目给了我们一个二叉搜索树,和两个点,让我们找到这两个点的最近的共同祖先。什么是最近的共同祖先的呢?来看看题目给的例子,如果给的两个点是3和5, 那么它们的LCA就是4;如果给的是3和9,那么它们的LCA就是6。这道题目我们要根据BST的特性来做,BST的每一个点,它的左边的孩子都比它小,右边的孩子都比它大。
  所以根据上述的这一点,我们每遍历一个点,就来判断一下要继续往左边走,还是往右边走,还是找到了祖先。
  这里有三种情况:(对于每一个遍历点)
    1. 拿p和q之间大的那一个 叫t-max, 和 遍历的点node比较一下,如果t-max 比node val 小的话,说明p和q 都在node 的左边,那么我们要继续走到左边取找;
    2. 拿p和q之间小的那一个,t-min, 和遍历的点node比较一下,如果t-min 比node val 大的话,说明p和q都在node 的右边,那么我们要继续走到右边取找;
    3. 剩下的情况就说明,p和q 在 node 的左右两边,或者是node 是p或者q, 另外一个点在node 的一边。 这种情况就是找到了祖先,把这一个node 返回。
 
 
 

Java Solution:

Runtime beats 62.62%

完成日期:07/04/2017

关键词:Tree (BST); LCA (lowest common ancestor)

关键点:只遍历左边或者右边根据BST的特性

 /**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Solution
{ public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q)
{
if(root == null)
return null; // go into left child if the greater from p and q is smaller than root;
if(Math.max(p.val, q.val) < root.val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q); // go into right child if the smaller from p and q is greater than root;
if(Math.min(p.val, q.val) > root.val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q); // if p and q are not at the left side, and also not at the right side
// meaning p and q are at the both side or root is p or q , another one is at one side.
return root;
} }

参考资料:

http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4640572.html

LeetCode 算法题目列表 - LeetCode Algorithms Questions List

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