django中实现组合搜索

一.简介

# 组合搜索
# 技术方向：自动化，测试，运维，前端
# 分类：Python Linux JavaScript OpenStack Node.js GO
# 级别：初级 中级 高级 骨灰级

有4张表:
Direction(技术方向标),Classification(技术分类表),Level(难度级别表),Video(视频表)

它们的关系是:

Direction与Classification多对多关系

Video与Classification,Level是一对多关系

最终要实现的结果如下图:

二.models代码

class Direction(models.Model):
    """
    技术方向：自动化，测试，运维，前端
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)
    classification = models.ManyToManyField('Classification')

    class Meta:
        # 重命名表名,不要自动添加的app名
        db_table = 'Direction'
        verbose_name_plural = '方向（视频方向）'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Classification(models.Model):
    """
    分类：Python Linux JavaScript OpenStack Node.js GO
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Classification'
        verbose_name_plural = '分类（视频分类）'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Level(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Level'
        verbose_name_plural = '难度级别'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Video(models.Model):
    status_choice = (
        (1, '下线'),
        (2, '上线'),
    )

    status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='状态', choices=status_choice, default=1)
    level = models.ForeignKey(Level)
    classification = models.ForeignKey('Classification', null=True, blank=True)
    weight = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='权重（按从大到小排列）', default=0)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
    summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='简介', max_length=32)
    # img = models.ImageField(verbose_name='图片', upload_to='./static/images/Video/')
    img = models.CharField(verbose_name='图片', max_length=32)
    href = models.CharField(verbose_name='视频地址', max_length=256)
    create_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'Video'
        verbose_name_plural = '视频'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

三.url路由代码

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^admin',admin.site.urls),
    #利用的是有名分组的方法,分别获取不同的id
    url(r'^video-(?P<direction_id>(\d+))-(?P<classification_id>(\d+))-(?P<level_id>(\d+)).html$', views.video,
        name='video')
]

四.视图代码

def video(request,*args,**kwargs):
    condition = {}

    for k, v in kwargs.items():
        temp = int(v)
        kwargs[k] = temp
    print(kwargs) #　(?P<direction_id>(\d+))-(?P<classification_id>(\d+))-(?P<level_id>(\d+))
    # 构造查询字典
    direction_id = kwargs.get('direction_id')
    classification_id = kwargs.get('classification_id')
    level_id = kwargs.get('level_id')
    # 获取所有的技术方向
    direction_list = models.Direction.objects.all()
    # 当没有选择技术方向时,就获取所有分类
    if direction_id == 0:
        class_list = models.Classification.objects.all()
        # 当没有选择分类时,不做什么
        if classification_id == 0:
            pass
        else:
            # 否则就将分类id放入字典
            condition['classification_id'] = classification_id
    else:
        # 当选择了技术方向id时,查询出该技术方向下的所有分类
        direction_obj = models.Direction.objects.filter(id=direction_id).first()
        class_list = direction_obj.classification.all()
        # 只获取该方向下的分类id
        vlist = direction_obj.classification.all().values_list('id')
        # 下面的代码为了生成condition是传入的一对多查询id,如:{'classification_id__in': (1, 2, 3), 'level_id': 1}
        if not vlist:
            classification_id_list = []
        else:
            # 将vlist转换成列表
            classification_id_list = list(zip(*vlist))[0]

        if classification_id == 0:
            condition['classification_id__in'] = classification_id_list
        else:
            if classification_id in classification_id_list:
                condition['classification_id'] = classification_id
            else:
                #指定技术方向：[1,2,3]   分类：5
                kwargs['classification_id'] = 0
                condition['classification_id__in'] = classification_id_list

    if level_id == 0:
        pass
    else:
        condition['level_id'] = level_id

    level_list = models.Level.objects.all()
    video_list = models.Video.objects.filter(**condition)
    # 技术方向的queryset对象列表
    print(direction_list)
    # 分类的queryset对象列表
    print(class_list)
    # 等级的queryset对象列表
    print(level_list)
    # video的queryset对象列表
    print(video_list)
    # 技术方向的id,分类的id,等级的id组成的字典
    print(kwargs)
    return render(
        request,
        'video.html',
        {
            'direction_list':direction_list,
            'class_list':class_list,
            'level_list':level_list,
            'video_list':video_list,
            'kwargs':kwargs,
        }
    )

五.模板代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 5px 8px;
            border: 1px solid #dddddd;
        }

        .condition a.active {
            background-color: coral;
            color: white;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="condition">
    <h1>筛选</h1>
    <div>
        {% if kwargs.direction_id == 0 %}
            {#反向解析#}
            <a href="{% url "video" direction_id=0 classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}"
               class="active">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="{% url "video" direction_id=0 classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">全部</a>
        {% endif %}
        {% for item in direction_list %}
            {% if item.id == kwargs.direction_id %}
                <a href="{% url "video" direction_id=item.id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}"
                   class="active">{{ item.name }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a href="{% url "video" direction_id=item.id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">{{ item.name }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <div>
        {% if kwargs.classification_id == 0 %}
            <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-0-{{ kwargs.level_id }}.html" class="active">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-0-{{ kwargs.level_id }}.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}
        {% for item in class_list %}
            {% if item.id == kwargs.classification_id %}
                <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ item.id }}-{{ kwargs.level_id }}.html"
                   class="active">{{ item.name }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ item.id }}-{{ kwargs.level_id }}.html">{{ item.name }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <div>
        {% if kwargs.level_id == 0 %}
            <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ kwargs.classification_id }}-0.html" class="active">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ kwargs.classification_id }}-0.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}
        {% for item in level_list %}
            {% if item.id == kwargs.level_id %}
                <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ kwargs.classification_id }}-{{ item.id }}.html"
                   class="active">{{ item.title }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a href="/video-{{ kwargs.direction_id }}-{{ kwargs.classification_id }}-{{ item.id }}.html">{{ item.title }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

</div>
<div>
    <h1>结果</h1>
    {% for row in video_list %}
        <div>{{ row.title }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>