ansible.md

ansible

测试环境配置

注意：192.168.100.201这台机器是主控机，剩下的192.168.100.202、192.168.100.203、192.168.100.210均为测试主机。

# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
82:68:12:6c:a7:62:24:15:7c:e4:6f:92:42:3a:64:66 root@node1
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .oo.            |
|.....            |
|oE.o.            |
|O+o. +           |
|=o+ + + S        |
|o+ . o .         |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.100.202
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.202 (192.168.100.202)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is c4:4c:b0:22:d2:20:46:98:43:8c:19:fc:98:88:eb:9b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.202' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.100.202's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@192.168.100.202'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.100.203
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.100.210

主控机配置

# tail -5 /etc/ansible/hosts
[web]
192.168.100.202
192.168.100.203
[db]
192.168.100.210

测试

# ansible all -m ping
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

命令参数

• -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS：模块参数
• --ask-vault-pass：加密playbook文件时提示输入密码
• -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS：后台执行命令，超过SECONDS秒后终止正在执行的命令
• -D, --diff：当更新的文件数及内容较少时，该选项可显示这些文件不同的地方
• -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS：在playbook中引入外部变量
• -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS：并发线程数，默认是5个
• -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY：指定要读取的inventory文件
• -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET：指定运行的主机（正则）
• --list-hosts：列出符合条件的主机列表，不执行任何命令
• -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME：指定执行使用的模块
• -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH：指定模块存放路径，默认/usr/share/ansible，也可以通过ANSIBLE_LIBRARY设定默认路径
• -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL：定期返回后台认任务进度
• --syntax-check：检测playbook中的语法书写
• -t TREE, --tree=TREE：输出信息至TREE目录中，结果文件以远程主机名命名
• -v, --verbose：输出更详细的执行过程信息，-vvv可得到执行过程所有信息
• -k, --ask-pass：认证密码
• --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, --key-file=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE：指定密钥文件
• -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER：指定远程主机以REMOTE_USER运行命令
• -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION：指定连接方式
• -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT：指定连接远程主机的最大超时，单位是秒
• -s, --sudo：相当于Linux下的sudo命令
• -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER：使用sudo相当于Linux下的sudo命令

常用模块

shell

默认情况下，ansible使用的module 是 command，这个模块并不支持 shell 变量和管道等，若想使用shell 来执行模块，请使用-m 参数指定 shell 模块,但是值得注意的是普通的命令执行模块是通过python的ssh执行。
举例

# ansible all -m shell -a 'ps aux |grep nginx'
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root      1896  0.0  0.1  44728  1096 ?        Ss   12:06   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx     1899  0.0  0.1  45172  1672 ?        S    12:06   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      3311  0.0  0.1 106092  1120 pts/1    S+   16:56   0:00 /bin/sh -c ps aux |grep nginx
root      3313  0.0  0.0 103324   864 pts/1    S+   16:56   0:00 grep nginx

192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root      3585  0.0  0.1 106092  1120 pts/1    S+   20:24   0:00 /bin/sh -c ps aux |grep nginx
root      3587  0.0  0.0 103324   860 pts/1    S+   20:24   0:00 grep nginx

192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root      7344  0.0  0.1 106092  1128 pts/1    S+   20:24   0:00 /bin/sh -c ps aux |grep nginx
root      7346  0.0  0.0 103320   856 pts/1    S+   20:24   0:00 grep nginx

copy

实现主控端向目标主机拷贝文件，类似于scp的功能。
举例

# ansible web -m copy -a "src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp mode=0600"
# ansible web -m command -a 'ls -l /tmp/fstab'
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 871 3月  12 20:31 /tmp/fstab

192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 871 3月  12 17:03 /tmp/fstab

file

file模块称之为文件属性模块，可以做的操作如下：
使用 file 模块创建目录：

# ansible db -m file -a "dest=/tmp/study mode=700 owner=root group=ftp state=directory"
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 50,
    "group": "ftp",
    "mode": "0700",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/tmp/study",
    "size": 4096,
    "state": "directory",
    "uid": 0
}
# ansible db -m command -a 'ls -dl /tmp/study'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
drwx------ 2 root ftp 4096 3月  12 20:44 /tmp/study

创建文件：

# ansible db -m file -a 'dest=/tmp/study/1.txt state=touch mode=600'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/tmp/study/1.txt",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 0,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
# ansible db -m command -a 'ls -l /tmp/study/1.txt'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rw------- 1 root root 0 3月  12 21:00 /tmp/study/1.txt

删除文件

# ansible db -m file -a 'dest=/tmp/study/1.txt state=absent'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/tmp/study/1.txt",
    "state": "absent"
}

stat

获取远程文件状态信息，包含atime、ctime、mtime、md5、uid、gid等：

# ansible db -m stat -a 'path=/tmp/study'

yum

- name: install the latest version of Apache
  yum: name=httpd state=latest

- name: remove the Apache package
  yum: name=httpd state=absent

- name: install the latest version of Apache from the testing repo
  yum: name=httpd enablerepo=testing state=present

- name: install one specific version of Apache
  yum: name=httpd-2.2.29-1.4.amzn1 state=present

- name: upgrade all packages
  yum: name=* state=latest

- name: install the nginx rpm from a remote repo
  yum: name=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm state=present

- name: install nginx rpm from a local file
  yum: name=/usr/local/src/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm state=present

- name: install the 'Development tools' package group
  yum: name="@Development tools" state=present

- name: install the 'Gnome desktop' environment group
  yum: name="@^gnome-desktop-environment" state=present

cron

在指定节点上定义一个计划任务，每隔3分钟到主控端更新一次时间：

 ansible all -m cron -a 'name="ntp date" minute=*/5 hour=* day=* month=* weekday=* job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 1.asia.pool.ntp.org"'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "ntp date"
    ]
}
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "ntp date"
    ]
}
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "ntp date"
    ]
}
# ansible all -m command -a 'crontab -l'
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: ntp date
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 1.asia.pool.ntp.org

192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: ntp date
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 1.asia.pool.ntp.org

192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: ntp date
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 1.asia.pool.ntp.org

service

启动指定节点上的 httpd 服务，并让其开机自启动：

# ansible web -a 'rpm -qa httpd'
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-55.el6.centos.2.x86_64

192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-56.el6.centos.3.x86_64
# ansible web -a 'chkconfig --list httpd'
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:关闭	4:关闭	5:关闭	6:关闭

192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:关闭	3:关闭	4:关闭	5:关闭	6:关闭
# ansible web -a '/etc/init.d/httpd status'
192.168.100.202 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
httpd 已停

192.168.100.203 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
httpd 已停
# ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "enabled": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "state": "started"
}
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "enabled": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "state": "started"
}
# ansible web -a '/etc/init.d/httpd status'
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd (pid  4901) 正在运行...

192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd (pid  4688) 正在运行...
# ansible web -a 'chkconfig --list httpd'
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭

192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
httpd          	0:关闭	1:关闭	2:启用	3:启用	4:启用	5:启用	6:关闭

script

在指定节点上执行/root/test.sh脚本(该脚本是在ansible控制节点上的)：

# cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
uptime
echo "Hello world!"
# ansible db -m script -a '/root/test.sh'
192.168.100.210 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.100.210 closed.\r\n",
    "stdout": " 21:43:11 up  4:35,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.03, 0.01\r\nHello world!\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        " 21:43:11 up  4:35,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.03, 0.01",
        "Hello world!"
    ]
}

get_url

下载lrzsz到web组机器的/tmp目录中：

# ansible web  -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.8/os/x86_64/Packages/lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp/'
192.168.100.203 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "checksum_dest": "5fa0cc444e4474cab0198af83e405224b6130c7b",
    "checksum_src": "5fa0cc444e4474cab0198af83e405224b6130c7b",
    "dest": "/tmp/lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "2cc2edecc0e4f553a4ec0e5db49c1ec6",
    "mode": "0644",
    "msg": "OK (72436 bytes)",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 72436,
    "src": "/tmp/tmp1WXVKL",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0,
    "url": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.8/os/x86_64/Packages/lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
}
192.168.100.202 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "checksum_dest": "5fa0cc444e4474cab0198af83e405224b6130c7b",
    "checksum_src": "5fa0cc444e4474cab0198af83e405224b6130c7b",
    "dest": "/tmp/lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "2cc2edecc0e4f553a4ec0e5db49c1ec6",
    "mode": "0644",
    "msg": "OK (72436 bytes)",
    "owner": "root",
    "size": 72436,
    "src": "/tmp/tmpMxIP4A",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0,
    "url": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.8/os/x86_64/Packages/lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
}