Hibernate基于【XML】和【注解】——完整实例

Eclipse中新建Java Project工程：

工程结构  和  需要的Jar包：

我用的SqlServer数据库，所以连接数据库的Jar包是sqljdbc4.jar

一、基于XML配置

1、实体类（对应数据表中的字段）

package Entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
public class Student {
private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student(){}

    public Student(int id,String name,int age){
        this.id=id;
        this.name=name;
        this.age=age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

2、Student.hbm.xml（XML文件 将实体类 对应 数据表 和 表中字段）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
 "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 

<hibernate-mapping>
   <class name="Entity.Student" table="Student">
      <meta attribute="class-description">
         This class contains the employee detail.
      </meta>
      <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
         <generator class="native"/>
      </id>
      <property name="name" column="name" type="string"/>
      <property name="age" column="age" type="int"/>
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

3、hibernate.cfg.xml（配置连接数据库、映射Student.hbm.xml文件）

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>

        <!-- Database connection settings 数据库连接配置-->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;database=test</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password">Zhutou0216</property>

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>

        <!-- SQL dialect 方言-->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout 在控制台打印后台sql语句-->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 格式化语句 -->
       <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

        <!-- 映射数据库对应实体类： xml配置文件生效方式 -->
        <mapping resource="entity/Student.hbm.xml" />

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

4、MainApp（运行类）

package Entity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class MainApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
        SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();

        Session session = null;
        try{
            session = factory.openSession();

            session.beginTransaction();

            Student student = new Student();
            student.setName("en");
            student.setAge(88);
            session.save(student);
            session.getTransaction().commit();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            session.getTransaction().rollback();
        }finally{
            if(session != null){
                if(session.isOpen()){
                    //关闭session
                    session.close();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}

二、基于注解配置

1、实体类（在实体类中用注解方式对应数据表和表中字段，因此用不着Student.hbm.xml了）

package Entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="Student")
public class Student {

    @Id @GeneratedValue
    @Column(name="id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name="name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name="age")
    private int age;

    public Student(){}

    public Student(int id,String name,int age){
        this.id=id;
        this.name=name;
        this.age=age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

2、hibernate.cfg.xml（配置连接数据库，映射实体类）

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>

        <!-- Database connection settings 数据库连接配置-->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;database=test</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password">Zhutou0216</property>

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>

        <!-- SQL dialect 方言-->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout 在控制台打印后台sql语句-->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 格式化语句 -->
       <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

        <!-- 映射数据库对应实体类： xml配置文件生效方式 -->
        <!-- <mapping resource="entity/Student.hbm.xml" /> -->

        <!-- 映射数据库对应实体类：注解生效方式生效方式 -->
        <mapping class="Entity.Student"/>

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

3、MainApp（这里没有改变）

package Entity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class MainApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
        SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();

        Session session = null;
        try{
            session = factory.openSession();

            session.beginTransaction();

            Student student = new Student();
            student.setName("en");
            student.setAge(88);
            session.save(student);
            session.getTransaction().commit();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            session.getTransaction().rollback();
        }finally{
            if(session != null){
                if(session.isOpen()){
                    //关闭session
                    session.close();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}