cocos2d-x实战 C++卷 学习笔记--第7章 动作、特效（一）
前言：
介绍cocos2d-x中的动作、特效。
动作：
动作（action）包括基本动作和基本动作的组合，这些基本动作有缩放、移动、旋转等，而且这些动作变化的速度也可以设定。
动作类是 Action。它的类图如下：
Action有3个子类，FiniteTimeAction 是一种受时间限制的动作，Follow 是一种允许精灵跟随另一个精灵的动作，Speed是在一个动作运行时改变其运动速率。
瞬时动作：
瞬时动作就是不等待立即执行的动作，瞬时动作的基类是ActionInstant。瞬时动作 ActionInstant 类图如下：
代码示例：
#ifndef __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#define __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#include "cocos2d.h"
#include "Action.h"
typedef enum
{
PLACE_TAG = ,
FLIPX_TAG,
FLIPY_TAG,
HIDE_SHOW_TAG,
TOGGLE_TAG,
OTHER_ACTION,
All_TAG_NUM
}ActionTypes;
class HelloWorld : public cocos2d::Layer
{
public:
// there's no 'id' in cpp, so we recommend returning the class instance pointer
static cocos2d::Scene* createScene();
// Here's a difference. Method 'init' in cocos2d-x returns bool, instead of returning 'id' in cocos2d-iphone
virtual bool init();
// a selector callback
void menuCloseCallback(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_01(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_02(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_03(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_04(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_05(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_06(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
// implement the "static create()" method manually
CREATE_FUNC(HelloWorld);
};
#endif // __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
HelloWorldScene.h
#include "HelloWorldScene.h"
USING_NS_CC;
Scene* HelloWorld::createScene()
{
// 'scene' is an autorelease object
auto scene = Scene::create();
// 'layer' is an autorelease object
auto layer = HelloWorld::create();
// add layer as a child to scene
scene->addChild(layer);
// return the scene
return scene;
}
// on "init" you need to initialize your instance
bool HelloWorld::init()
{
//////////////////////////////
// 1. super init first
if ( !Layer::init() )
{
return false;
}
Size visibleSize = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
Point origin = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleOrigin();
/////////////////////////////
// 2. add a menu item with "X" image, which is clicked to quit the program
// you may modify it.
// add a "close" icon to exit the progress. it's an autorelease object
auto closeItem = MenuItemImage::create(
"CloseNormal.png",
"CloseSelected.png",
CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback, this));
closeItem->setPosition(Point(origin.x + visibleSize.width - closeItem->getContentSize().width/ ,
origin.y + closeItem->getContentSize().height/));
// create menu, it's an autorelease object
auto menu = Menu::create(closeItem, NULL);
menu->setPosition(Point::ZERO);
);
/////////////////////////////
// 3. add your codes below...
Sprite* spbkground = Sprite::create("Demo1/Background480x800.png");
// position the sprite on the center of the screen
spbkground->setPosition(Point(visibleSize.width / + origin.x, visibleSize.height / + origin.y));
// add the sprite as a child to this layer
);
///////////////////////
auto label_1 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "01 label");
auto label_2 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "02 label");
auto label_3 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "03 label");
auto label_4 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "04 label");
auto label_5 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "05 label");
auto label_6 = Label::createWithBMFont("Demo1/fonts/fnt2.fnt", "06 label");
MenuItemLabel* muLab1 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_1, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_01, this));
MenuItemLabel* muLab2 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_2, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_02, this));
MenuItemLabel* muLab3 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_3, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_03, this));
MenuItemLabel* muLab4 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_4, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_04, this));
MenuItemLabel* muLab5 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_5, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_05, this));
MenuItemLabel* muLab6 = MenuItemLabel::create(label_6, CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_06, this));
muLab1->setTag(PLACE_TAG);
muLab2->setTag(FLIPX_TAG);
muLab3->setTag(FLIPY_TAG);
muLab4->setTag(HIDE_SHOW_TAG);
muLab5->setTag(TOGGLE_TAG);
muLab6->setTag(OTHER_ACTION);
Menu* mu = Menu::create(muLab1, muLab2, muLab3, muLab4, muLab5, muLab6,NULL);
mu->alignItemsVertically();
mu->setPosition(Point(origin.x + visibleSize.width / , origin.y + visibleSize.height/));
this->addChild(mu);
return true;
}
void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(Ref* pSender)
{
#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_WP8) || (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_WINRT)
MessageBox("You pressed the close button. Windows Store Apps do not implement a close button.","Alert");
return;
#endif
Director::getInstance()->end();
#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_IOS)
exit();
#endif
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_01(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionSlideInL::create(1.0f, sc);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_02(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionSlideInR::create(1.0f, sc);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_03(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionSlideInB::create(1.0f, sc);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_04(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionSlideInT::create(1.0f, sc);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_05(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionPageTurn::create(1.0f, sc, true);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void HelloWorld::menuItemCallback_06(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
MenuItem* muItem = (MenuItem*)pSender;
auto sc = Scene::create();
auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create();
SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag());
sc->addChild(SecondLayer);
auto reScene = TransitionPageTurn::create(1.0f, sc, true);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
HelloWorldScene.cpp
#ifndef __ACTION_SCENE_H__
#define __ACTION_SCENE_H__
#include "cocos2d.h"
#include "HelloWorldScene.h"
class CActionTest : public cocos2d::Layer
{
public:
CActionTest();
~CActionTest();
static cocos2d::Scene* createScene();
CREATE_FUNC(CActionTest);
/// 初始化层 调用
virtual bool init();
/// 进入层时调用
virtual void onEnter();
/// 进入层而且过渡动画结束时调用
virtual void onEnterTransitionDidFinish();
/// 退出层时 调用
virtual void onExit();
/// 退出层 而且开始过渡动画时调用
virtual void onExitTransitionDidStart();
/// 层对象被清除时调用
virtual void cleanup();
void menuItemCallback_back(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
void menuItemCallback_Action(cocos2d::Ref* pSender);
protected:
cocos2d::Sprite* spPlane; // 飞机 精灵
bool bShow; // 隐藏标识
};
#endif // __ACTION_SCENE_H__
Action.h
#include "Action.h"
USING_NS_CC;
CActionTest::CActionTest()
{
spPlane = NULL;
bShow = TRUE;
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
CActionTest::~CActionTest()
{
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
Scene* CActionTest::createScene()
{
Scene* sc = Scene::create();
auto myLayer = CActionTest::create();
sc->addChild(myLayer);
return sc;
}
bool CActionTest::init()
{
if (!Layer::init())
{
return false;
}
//// 层的初始化
Size sz = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
Point origion = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleOrigin();
Sprite* spBkground = Sprite::create("Demo1/Background480x800.png");
spBkground->setPosition(Point(origion.x + sz.width / , origion.y + sz.height / ));
this->addChild(spBkground);
MenuItemImage* muBack = MenuItemImage::create("Demo1/Back-up.png",
"Demo1/Back-down.png",
CC_CALLBACK_1(CActionTest::menuItemCallback_back, this));
muBack->setPosition(Point(origion.x+, origion.y+sz.height-));
MenuItemImage* muGo = MenuItemImage::create("Demo1/Go-up.png",
"Demo1/Go-down.png",
CC_CALLBACK_1(CActionTest::menuItemCallback_Action, this));
muGo->setPosition(Point(origion.x + , origion.y + ));
Menu* mu = Menu::create(muBack, muGo, NULL);
mu->setPosition(Point::ZERO);
this->addChild(mu);
spPlane = Sprite::create("Demo1/Plane.png");
spPlane->setPosition(Point(origion.x + sz.width / , origion.y + sz.height / ));
);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return true;
}
/// 进入层时调用
void CActionTest::onEnter()
{
Layer::onEnter();
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
/// 进入层而且过渡动画结束时调用
void CActionTest::onEnterTransitionDidFinish()
{
Layer::onEnterTransitionDidFinish();
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
/// 退出层时 调用
void CActionTest::onExit()
{
Layer::onExit();
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
/// 退出层 而且开始过渡动画时调用
void CActionTest::onExitTransitionDidStart()
{
Layer::onExitTransitionDidStart();
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
/// 层对象被清除时调用
void CActionTest::cleanup()
{
Layer::cleanup();
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void CActionTest::menuItemCallback_back(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
auto sc = HelloWorld::createScene();
auto reScene = TransitionShrinkGrow::create(1.0f, sc);
Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene);
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
void CActionTest::menuItemCallback_Action(cocos2d::Ref* pSender)
{
log("function:%s, line:%d, Tag=%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, this->getTag());
Size sz = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
Point pt = Point(CCRANDOM_0_1() * sz.width, CCRANDOM_0_1() * sz.height);
ccBezierConfig bezier;
switch (this->getTag())
{
case PLACE_TAG:
spPlane->runAction(Place::create(pt));
log("PLACE_TAG,Position. x=%f, y=%f", pt.x, pt.y);
break;
case FLIPX_TAG:
spPlane->runAction(FlipX::create(true));
break;
case FLIPY_TAG:
spPlane->runAction(FlipY::create(true));
break;
case HIDE_SHOW_TAG:
if (bShow)
{
spPlane->runAction(Hide::create());
bShow = false;
}
else
{
spPlane->runAction(Show::create());
bShow = true;
}
break;
case TOGGLE_TAG:
spPlane->runAction(ToggleVisibility::create());
break;
case OTHER_ACTION:
// spPlane->runAction(MoveTo::create(3.0f, Point(0, 0)));
// spPlane->runAction(MoveBy::create(1.0f, Point(200, 200)));
// spPlane->runAction(JumpTo::create(3.0f, Point(100, 300),100, 10));
// spPlane->runAction(JumpBy::create(3.0f, Point(100, 300), 400, 8));
//bezier.controlPoint_1 = Point(100, sz.height);
//bezier.controlPoint_2 = Point(100, -sz.height / 2);
//bezier.endPosition = Point(300, 600);
//spPlane->runAction(BezierTo::create(3.0f, bezier));
// spPlane->runAction(ScaleTo::create(2.0f, 1.3));
// spPlane->runAction(ScaleBy::create(2.0f, 0.5));
// spPlane->runAction(RotateTo::create(3.0f, 181)); ///旋转角度超过180度，旋转方向会变
// spPlane->runAction(RotateTo::create(3.0f, 81)); ///旋转角度超过180度，旋转方向会变
// spPlane->runAction(RotateBy::create(3.0f, -100));
// spPlane->runAction(Blink::create(3.0f, 5)); // 闪烁
// spPlane->runAction(TintTo::create(2.0f, 255, 0, 0));
// spPlane->runAction(TintBy::create(2.0f, 255, 0, 0)); /// 这个 渲染，好像 颜色不正确
// spPlane->runAction(FadeTo::create(2.0f, 90));
//spPlane->setOpacity(50);
//spPlane->runAction(FadeIn::create(2.0f));
spPlane->runAction(FadeOut::create(3.0f));
break;
default:
break;
}
log("function:%s, line:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
Action.cpp
关键代码分析1：
auto sc = Scene::create(); /// 生成新场景 auto SecondLayer = CActionTest::create(); SecondLayer->setTag(muItem->getTag()); sc->addChild(SecondLayer); ///将 CActionTest 层添加到 新场景 auto reScene = TransitionSlideInR::create(1.0f, sc); /// 生成 过渡场景（过渡动画） Director::getInstance()->replaceScene(reScene); /// 场景替换
此处没有调用CAction::createScene()直接创建场景和层，而是采用上面的方法。主要是为了给场景传递参数。
（当然，你重写一个 带参数的 createScene(int Tag) ，将参数传入，也是可行的）
关键代码分析2：
/// 执行一个Place动作，Place动作是将精灵等Node对象移动到pt点。
spPlane->runAction(Place::create(pt));
//// 执行一个 FlipX 动作，FlipX 动作是将精灵等Node对象 水平方向翻转
spPlane->runAction(FlipX::create(true));
关键代码分析3：
Point pt = Point(CCRANDOM_0_1() * sz.width, CCRANDOM_0_1() * sz.height);
CCRANDOM_0_1() 宏 可以产生 0~1 之间的随机数。
间隔动作：
间隔动作执行完成需要一定的时间，可以设置 duration 属性来设置动作的执行时间。间隔动作基类是 ActionInterval。间隔动作ActionInterval类图如下：
上面的源码示例中，有用到 间隔动作。
关键代码分析：
// spPlane->runAction(MoveTo::create(3.0f, Point(0, 0)));
// spPlane->runAction(MoveBy::create(1.0f, Point(200, 200)));
// spPlane->runAction(JumpTo::create(3.0f, Point(100, 300),100, 10));
// spPlane->runAction(JumpBy::create(3.0f, Point(100, 300), 400, 8));
//bezier.controlPoint_1 = Point(100, sz.height);
//bezier.controlPoint_2 = Point(100, -sz.height / 2);
//bezier.endPosition = Point(300, 600);
//spPlane->runAction(BezierTo::create(3.0f, bezier));
// spPlane->runAction(ScaleTo::create(2.0f, 1.3));
// spPlane->runAction(ScaleBy::create(2.0f, 0.5));
// spPlane->runAction(RotateTo::create(3.0f, 181)); ///旋转角度超过180度，旋转方向会变
// spPlane->runAction(RotateTo::create(3.0f, 81)); ///旋转角度超过180度，旋转方向会变
// spPlane->runAction(RotateBy::create(3.0f, -100));
// spPlane->runAction(Blink::create(3.0f, 5)); // 闪烁
// spPlane->runAction(TintTo::create(2.0f, 255, 0, 0));
// spPlane->runAction(TintBy::create(2.0f, 255, 0, 0)); /// 这个 渲染，好像 颜色不正确
// spPlane->runAction(FadeTo::create(2.0f, 90));
//spPlane->setOpacity(50);
//spPlane->runAction(FadeIn::create(2.0f));
spPlane->runAction(FadeOut::create(3.0f));
间隔动作中很多类是 XxxTo 和 XxxBy 的命名。
XxxTo是指运动到指定的位置，这个位置是 绝对的。
XxxBy是指运动到相对于本身的位置，这个位置是相对的位置。
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