【JavaScript动画基础】学习笔记（一）-- 旋转箭头

随着鼠标的移动旋转箭头。

requestAnimationFrame

在requestAnimationFrame之前我们可以用setInterval来实现动画的循环：

  function drawFrame(){
       ball.x+=1;
       ball.draw(context);
     }
     window.setInterval(drawFrame,1000/60)

而html5中增加了window.requestAnimationFrame，它接收一个回调函数，确保在重绘前执行该函数，第二个参数可以指定一个html元素作为动画的执行区域。可以这样调用：

(function drawFrame(){
 window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame,canvas);
 //... 

}());

旋转：

旋转的根本在于求出鼠标位置相对于箭头中心坐标的角度：

求出dy的对角就能确定旋转的角度，而dy和dx构成了tan，可以通过反正切函数得到，JavaScript提供了两个反正切函数，一个是Math.atan,一个是Math.atan2,区别如下。

atan接收一个参数，得到弧度，atan2接收两个参数，分别是对边y和底边x。

于是得到代码：

      window.onload=function(){
       var canvas=document.getElementById('canvas'),
       context=canvas.getContext('2d'),
       mouse=utils.captureMouse(canvas),
       arrow=new Arrow();
       var arrow1=new Arrow();

       arrow.x=canvas.width/3;
       arrow.y=canvas.height/2;

       arrow1.x=canvas.width/1.5;
       arrow1.y=canvas.height/2;

(function drawFrame(){
 window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame,canvas);
 context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
 var dx=mouse.x-arrow.x;
 dy=mouse.y-arrow.y;
 arrow.rotation=Math.atan2(dy,dx);
 arrow.draw(context);

 var dx1=mouse.x-arrow1.x;
 dy1=mouse.y-arrow1.y;
 arrow1.rotation=-Math.atan2(dy,dx);
 arrow1.draw(context);

}());

     }

captureMouse：

window.utils.captureMouse = function (element) {
  var mouse = {x: 0, y: 0, event: null},
      body_scrollLeft = document.body.scrollLeft,
      element_scrollLeft = document.documentElement.scrollLeft,
      body_scrollTop = document.body.scrollTop,
      element_scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop,
      offsetLeft = element.offsetLeft,
      offsetTop = element.offsetTop;

  element.addEventListener('mousemove', function (event) {
    var x, y;

    if (event.pageX || event.pageY) {
      x = event.pageX;
      y = event.pageY;
    } else {
      x = event.clientX + body_scrollLeft + element_scrollLeft;
      y = event.clientY + body_scrollTop + element_scrollTop;
    }
    x -= offsetLeft;
    y -= offsetTop;

    mouse.x = x;
    mouse.y = y;
    mouse.event = event;
  }, false);

  return mouse;
};

箭头：

function Arrow () {
  this.x = 0;
  this.y = 0;
  this.color = "#ffff00";
  this.rotation = 0;
}

Arrow.prototype.draw = function (context) {
  context.save();
  context.translate(this.x, this.y);
  context.rotate(this.rotation);

  context.lineWidth = 2;
  context.fillStyle = this.color;
  context.beginPath();
  context.moveTo(-50, -25);
  context.lineTo(0, -25);
  context.lineTo(0, -50);
  context.lineTo(50, 0);
  context.lineTo(0, 50);
  context.lineTo(0, 25);
  context.lineTo(-50, 25);
  context.lineTo(-50, -25);
  context.closePath();//完成轨迹
  context.fill();//填充
  context.stroke();//画出边线

   context.restore();//使得canvas原点回到save之前
};