ubuntu 查看软件安装目录以及安装版本

1.aptitude show 软件名

例如：aptitude show kde-runtime

****@ubuntu:~$ aptitude show kde-runtime
软件包： kde-runtime
状态: 未安装
版本号： :4.8.-0ubuntu1
优先级： 可选
部分： kde
维护者： Kubuntu Developers <kubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>
未压缩尺寸： , k
依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.), libattica0. (>= 0.3.), libc6 (>= 2.15),
           libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-, libgcc1 (>= :4.1.), libjpeg8
           (>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= :4.8.), libkdeclarative5 (>= :4.7.),
           libkdecore5 (>= :4.8.), libkdesu5 (>= :4.8.), libkdeui5 (>=
           :4.8.), libkdewebkit5 (>= :4.8.), libkdnssd4 (>= :4.8.),
           libkemoticons4 (>= :4.8.), libkfile4 (>= :4.8.), libkhtml5 (>=
           :4.8.), libkidletime4 (>= :4.8.), libkio5 (>= :4.8.),
           libkmediaplayer4 (>= :4.8.), libknewstuff3- (>= :4.8.),
           libknotifyconfig4 (>= :4.8.), libkparts4 (>= :4.8.), libkpty4 (>=
           :4.8.), libnepomuk4 (>= :4.8.), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>=
           :4.8.), libnepomukquery4a (>= :4.8.), libnepomuksync4 (>=
           :4.8.), libntrack-qt4- (>= ), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.),
           libphonon4 (>= :4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= :4.8.),
           libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= :0.99.), libpulse0 (>= :0.99.),
           libqt4-dbus (>= :4.6.), libqt4-declarative (>= :4.7.~rc1),
           libqt4-network (>= :4.5.), libqt4-script (>= :4.6.), libqt4-svg
           (>= :4.5.), libqt4-xml (>= :4.5.), libqtcore4 (>= :4.8.),
           libqtgui4 (>= :4.8.), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36),
           libsmbclient (>= :3.2.), libsolid4 (>= :4.8.), libsoprano4 (>=
           2.6.), libssh- (>= 0.3.), libstdc++ (>= 4.6),
           libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.), libx11-,
           libxcursor1 (> 1.1.), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>=
           :4.8.-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= :4.8.), oxygen-icon-theme
           (>= :4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript
           (= :4.8.-0ubuntu1)
推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils,
        libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer
建议: djvulibre-bin, finger
冲突: kdelibs4-dev
破坏: kdebase-runtime (< :4.6.), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,
        kdebase-runtime-data (< :4.4.), kdebase-workspace-bin (< :4.6),
        kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-), kdelibs5 (< :4.4.), kdelibs5-plugins (<
        :4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< :4.5.),
        plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<
        :4.6.)
代替: kdebase-runtime (< :4.6.), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,
        kdebase-runtime-data (< :4.4.), kdebase-workspace-bin (< :4.6),
        kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-), kdelibs5 (< :4.4.), kdelibs5-plugins (<
        :4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< :4.5.),
        plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<
        :4.6.)
描述： runtime components from the official KDE release
 KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open
 source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a
 modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office
 productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many
 categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment,
 educational, graphics and software development. 

 This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications.
主页： http://www.kde.org/

2.软件名

例如：dpkg -l gedit

ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l gedit
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                    Version                  Architecture             Description
+++-=======================================-========================-========================-====================================================================================
ii  gedit                                   3.10.-0ubuntu4          amd64                    official text editor of the GNOME desktop environment

3.查询安装路径

例如：dpkg -L gedit

*****@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -L gedit
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/gedit
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop
/usr/share/dbus-
/usr/share/dbus-/services
/usr/share/dbus-/services/org.gnome.gedit.service
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/gedit
/usr/share/bug/gedit/script
/usr/share/pyshared
/usr/share/pyshared/gi
/usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides
/usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides/Gedit.py
/usr/share/gedit
/usr/share/gedit/gedit-bugreport
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/gedit
/usr/share/menu
/usr/share/menu/gedit
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/gedit
/usr/share/doc/gedit/README
/usr/share/doc/gedit/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/gedit/copyright
/usr/share/doc/gedit/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/gedit/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/gedit/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/python
/usr/share/python/runtime.d
/usr/share/python/runtime.d/gedit.rtupdate
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/gedit
/usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0
/usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0/Gedit-3.0.typelib
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libmodelines.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/zeitgeist.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/time.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libspell.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libtime.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libsort.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/outputpanel.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/windowactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/manager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/capture.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/library.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/filelookup.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/functions.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/linkparsing.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/docinfo.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/changecase.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/modelines.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/placeholder.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/shareddata.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/substitutionparser.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/snippet.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/completion.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/exporter.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/singleton.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/windowactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/document.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/appactivatable.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/languagemanager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/importer.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/manager.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/library.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/signals.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/helper.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/parser.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/sort.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/spell.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/popup.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/virtualdirs.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libchangecase.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/filebrowser.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/config.py
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets.plugin
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libdocinfo.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libzeitgeistplugin.so
/usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libfilebrowser.so
/usr/lib/python2.
/usr/lib/python2./dist-packages
/usr/lib/python2./dist-packages/gi
/usr/lib/python2./dist-packages/gi/overrides
/usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0.0.
/usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.
/usr/lib/python2./dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gedit.py

或者

4.whereis 软件名

例如：whereis gedit

ubuntu:~$ whereis gedit
gedit: /usr/bin/gedit /usr/bin/X11/gedit /usr/share/gedit /usr/share/man/man1/gedit..gz