java Linkedhashmap源码分析

LinkedHashMap类似于HashMap，但是迭代遍历它时，取得“键值对”的顺序是插入次序，或者是最近最少使用（LRU）的次序。只比HashMap慢一点；而在迭代访问时反而更快，因为它使用链表维护内部次序（HashMap是基于散列表实现的),源码来自android 源码.

LinkedHashMap定义两个属性

  /**
     * A dummy entry in the circular linked list of entries in the map.
     * The first real entry is header.nxt, and the last is header.prv.
     * If the map is empty, header.nxt == header && header.prv == header.
     */
    transient LinkedEntry<K, V> header;//双向链表

    /**
     * True if access ordered, false if insertion ordered.
     */
    private final boolean accessOrder;//默认情况false,插入顺序,true 访问顺序

在linkedhashmap构造器对链表进行初始化。

(1)get

从table数组中取（和hashmap一致），多了一步mainTail动作，把获取的数据，移到双向链表的尾部tail.

  @Override public V get(Object key) {
        /*
         * This method is overridden to eliminate the need for a polymorphic
         * invocation in superclass at the expense of code duplication.
         */
        if (key == null) {
            HashMapEntry<K, V> e = entryForNullKey;
            if (e == null)
                return null;
            if (accessOrder)
                makeTail((LinkedEntry<K, V>) e);//把访问的节点迁移到链表的尾部
            return e.value;
        }

        int hash = Collections.secondaryHash(key);
        HashMapEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
        for (HashMapEntry<K, V> e = tab[hash & (tab.length - 1)];//从数组中获取
                e != null; e = e.next) {
            K eKey = e.key;
            if (eKey == key || (e.hash == hash && key.equals(eKey))) {
                if (accessOrder)
                    makeTail((LinkedEntry<K, V>) e);//把访问的节点迁移到链表尾部。
                return e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Relinks the given entry to the tail of the list. Under access ordering,
     * this method is invoked whenever the value of a  pre-existing entry is
     * read by Map.get or modified by Map.put.
     */
    private void makeTail(LinkedEntry<K, V> e) {
        // Unlink e 在链表中删除该节点e
        e.prv.nxt = e.nxt;
        e.nxt.prv = e.prv;

        // Relink e as tail 在尾部添加
        LinkedEntry<K, V> header = this.header;
        LinkedEntry<K, V> oldTail = header.prv;
        e.nxt = header;
        e.prv = oldTail;
        oldTail.nxt = header.prv = e;
        modCount++;
    }

(2)put

添加到数据中，重载了preModify和addNewEntry，把存在的节点迁移到链表尾部或者新的节点添加到链表尾部。

//hashmap
public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (key == null) {
            return putValueForNullKey(value);
        }

        int hash = Collections.secondaryHash(key);
        HashMapEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
        int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
        for (HashMapEntry<K, V> e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
                preModify(e);//linkedhashmap 重载该方法,map存在该key,该节点迁移到链表尾部。
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        // No entry for (non-null) key is present; create one
        modCount++;
        if (size++ > threshold) {
            tab = doubleCapacity();
            index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
        }
        addNewEntry(key, value, hash, index);//linkedhashmap重载了这个方法
        return null;
    }

//LinkedHashmap
@Override void addNewEntry(K key, V value, int hash, int index) {
        LinkedEntry<K, V> header = this.header;

        // Remove eldest entry if instructed to do so.
        LinkedEntry<K, V> eldest = header.nxt;
        if (eldest != header && removeEldestEntry(eldest)) {
            remove(eldest.key);
        }

        // Create new entry, link it on to list, and put it into table  节点添加聊表尾部和table数组中
        LinkedEntry<K, V> oldTail = header.prv;
        LinkedEntry<K, V> newTail = new LinkedEntry<K,V>(
                key, value, hash, table[index], header, oldTail);
        table[index] = oldTail.nxt = header.prv = newTail;
    }

(3)contains

containsValue 从链表中查询。hashmap从table数组中查询，进行该操作时，没有hashmap快（数组比链表迭代快）。

  @Override public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            for (LinkedEntry<K, V> header = this.header, e = header.nxt;
                    e != header; e = e.nxt) {
                if (e.value == null) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        // value is non-null
        for (LinkedEntry<K, V> header = this.header, e = header.nxt; e != header; e = e.nxt) {//迭代链表
            if (value.equals(e.value)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

　　

containKey 从数组中查询，和hashmap一致。

(4)

remove ，重载了postRemove

//在链表中删除节点 
@Override void postRemove(HashMapEntry<K, V> e) {
        LinkedEntry<K, V> le = (LinkedEntry<K, V>) e;
        le.prv.nxt = le.nxt;
        le.nxt.prv = le.prv;
        le.nxt = le.prv = null; // Help the GC (for performance)
    }

(5)迭代器

hashmap：是迭代数组 ，linkedhashmap 迭代链表。

(6)LruCache利用LinkedHashmap自身实现的lru功能，并对map进行容量限制。在进行put操作时，进行trimToSize.

public void trimToSize(int maxSize) {
        while (true) {
            K key;
            V value;
            synchronized (this) {
                if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName()
                            + ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");
                }

                if (size <= maxSize || map.isEmpty()) {
                    break;
                }
                
                //迭代删除多余的节点，从链表头部开始删除。
                Map.Entry<K, V> toEvict = map.entrySet().iterator().next();
                key = toEvict.getKey();
                value = toEvict.getValue();
                map.remove(key);
                size -= safeSizeOf(key, value);
                evictionCount++;
            }

            entryRemoved(true, key, value, null);
        }
    }