Linux登录shell和非登录(交互式shell)环境变量配置

使用Jenkins执行shell脚本的时候, 碰到command not found. 比如java mvn, 这些环境变量配置在/etc/profile

中, 但jenkins执行的时候并没有加载.

这是因为jenkins执行的shell是非登录交互式shell, 并不会加载/etc/profile.

交互式shell会加载.bashrc, 进而会加载/etc/bashrc, 而/etc/bashrc会加载/etc/profile.d/*.sh.

因此, 自定义的变量应该定义在/etc/profile.d/*.sh

1.登录shell

所谓登录shell,指的是当用户登录系统时所取的那个shell，登录shell属于交互式shell。

登录shell将查找4个不同的启动文件来处理其中的命令。 bash shell处理文件的顺序如下：

1:/etc/profile

2:/etc/profile.d等待配置文件

3:$HOME/.bash_profile 会加载$HOME/.bashrc和/etc/bashrc

4:$HOME/.bash_login

5:$HOME/.profile

2. 交互式非登录shell

如果启动了一个bash shell而没有登入系统（如在CLI提示符中键入bash）,

则启动了一个交互式非登录shell.

$HOME/.bashrc

交互式非登录shell执行~/.bashrc文件中的命令.在每次执行shell脚本时，都会重新读取这个文件，所以是最完整的。

但是万事都不是一样的，debain系列的是不同的，如ubuntu

/etc/profile-->/etc/environment-->$HOME/.profile.要配置java等变量时，都/etc/environment中

.bashrc

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

        . /etc/bashrc

fi

登录shell的初始化文件(比如.bash_profile)通常会运行这个文件。这样，登录shell和非登录shell都可以使用.bashrc中的命令。

/etc/bashrc

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/bashrc

# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases

# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

# are we an interactive shell?

if [ "$PS1" ]; then

  if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then

    case $TERM in

    xterm*|vte*)

      if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then

          PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm

      elif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; then

          PROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command"

      else

          PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'

      fi

      ;;

    screen*)

      if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then

          PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen

      else

          PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'

      fi

      ;;

    *)

      [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default

      ;;

    esac

  fi

  # Turn on parallel history

  shopt -s histappend

  history -a

  # Turn on checkwinsize

  shopt -s checkwinsize

  [ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "

  # You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)

  # and console windows

  # If you want to do so, just add e.g.

  # if [ "$PS1" ]; then

  #   PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "

  # fi

  # to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory

fi

if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell

    # Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profile

    pathmunge () {

        case ":${PATH}:" in

            *:"$1":*)

                ;;

            *)

                if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

                    PATH=$PATH:$1

                else

                    PATH=$1:$PATH

                fi

        esac

    }

    # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.

    # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

    # You could check uidgid reservation validity in

    # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file

    if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then

       umask 002

    else

       umask 022

    fi

    SHELL=/bin/bash

    # Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell

    # and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars

    for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do

        if [ -r "$i" ]; then

            if [ "$PS1" ]; then

                . "$i"

            else

                . "$i" >/dev/null

            fi

        fi

    done

    unset i

    unset -f pathmunge

fi

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参考