Python Requests库

背景

Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.

Requests是一个优雅简洁的Python HTTP库，给人类使用。

Requests使用urllib3，所以拥有它的所有特性。

支持python 2.6 – 3.5 。

不得不说，超级喜欢他们家的文档啊，很pythonic。

Requests: 让 HTTP 服务人类

快速上手

开发接口

Requests github

安装

pip install requests

发送请求

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
>>> r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
>>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

GET

不带参数的GET：

>>> r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')

带有参数的GET：

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
>>> print(r.url)
http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}
>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
>>> print(r.url)
http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2&key2=value3

带有header的GET：

>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

设置连接的超时时间：

>>> requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)

带有cookie的GET：

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')

>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'

POST

不带参数的POST：

>>> r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")

带有参数的POST：

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
>>> print(r.text)
{
  ...
  "form": {
    "key2": "value2",
    "key1": "value1"
  },
  ...
}

Response

URL：

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')

>>>r.url
'https://github.com/timeline.json'

返回的内容：

>>> r.text                    //以encoding自动解码出来的结果
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

>>> r.content                //返回的二进制相应内容
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

>>> r.raw                    //返回的原始内容
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>

>>> r.json()                //以json形式解析
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...

使用的编码：

>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'
>>> r.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'            //设置编码

相应的状态码：

>>> r.status_code
200

>>> r.status_code == requests.codes.ok
True

返回的header：

>>> r.headers
{
    'content-encoding': 'gzip',
    'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',
    'connection': 'close',
    'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',
    'x-runtime': '148ms',
    'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',
    'content-type': 'application/json'
}

>>> r.headers['Content-Type']
'application/json'

>>> r.headers.get('content-type')
'application/json'

COOKIE：

>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
'example_cookie_value'