linux环境下安装python 3

说明：

　　在linux环境下，都默认安装python 2的环境，由于python3在python2的基础上升级较大，所以安装python 3环境用于使用最新的python 3的语法。

安装过程：

1.下载，上传python 3源码包至服务器

2.解压缩python 3压缩包

[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
kibana-6.7.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7..tgz  zookeeper-3.4..tar.gz
[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ tar -zxf Python-3.7..tgz
[aiprd@hadoop3 softwares]$ ls
kibana-6.7.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  Python-3.7.  Python-3.7..tgz  zookeeper-3.4..tar.gz

3.执行配置检查，配置安装路径

[aiprd@hadoop3 Python-3.7.]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for python3.... no
checking for python3... no
checking for python... python
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details

配置检查报错，没有C编译环境。

4.安装gcc软件包

yum install gcc

5.再次执行配置检查，检查通过

6.编译，安装

make && make install

再次报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line , in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/runpy.py", line , in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line , in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line , in _main
    default_pip=args.default_pip,
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line , in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip(args + [p[] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line , in _run_pip
    import pip._internal
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 

安装zlib-devel软件包

yum install zlib-devel

7.再次编译，安装，报下面的错误

    import pip._internal
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/__init__.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpry5ry5rh/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py", line , in <module>
  File "/home/aiprd/softwares/Python-3.7.4/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line , in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
make: *** [install] Error 

安装libffi-devel软件包

[root@hadoop3 Packages]# yum install libffi-devel -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
No package libffi-devel available.
Error: Nothing to do

但是，发现ISO镜像中，没有该软件包

下载libffi-devel的RPM包，进行安装，下载地址：http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/6.10/os/x86_64/Packages/libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@hadoop3 ~]# ls -l
total
-rw-------.  root root   Feb    anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--.  root root  Feb    install.log
-rw-r--r--.  root root   Feb    install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--   root root  Aug  : libffi-devel-3.0.-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@hadoop3 ~]# rpm -ivh libffi-devel-3.0.-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: libffi-devel-3.0.-3.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [%]
   :libffi-devel           ########################################### [%]

再次进行编译，安装

make clean   #此处，需要先make clean,然后重新configure，否则即使libffi-devel软件包已经安装，仍然会报错。
./configure --prefix=/home/aiprd/app/python-3.7.
make && make install

Looking in links: /tmp/tmpr5iivfh5
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.0. setuptools-40.8.

8.查看python版本

[aiprd@hadoop3 python-3.7.]$ bin/python3 --version
Python 3.7.

安装完成。

文档创建时间：2019年8月26日15:03:40