使用FPGA开发板驱动VGA显示器

1. 本次使用的是cyclone4开发板，先看下原理图，因为右边的RGB应该是模拟信号量，但是本次例程只接了3根线，那就是说颜色只有8种。

2. 代码，输出信号有R,G,B三色，就是上图右边的，行同步信号（扫描完一行），场同步信号。VGA收发双方没有时钟信号做同步，但是通常会约定发送方有一个基本的时钟，行同步信号HSYNC在每行开始的时候产生一个固定宽度的高脉冲。场同步信号VSYNC在每帧（即一次全屏的图像）开始的时候产生一个固定宽度的高脉冲。我对关键的信号，画了时序图，发现不是很理解程序的机制。

module VGA(
   clock,
   switch,
   disp_RGB,
   hsync,
   vsync
);
input  clock;     //系统输入时钟 50MHz
input  [:]switch;
output [:]disp_RGB;    //VGA数据输出
output  hsync;     //VGA行同步信号
output  vsync;     //VGA场同步信号

reg [:] hcount;     //VGA行扫描计数器
reg [:]   vcount;     //VGA场扫描计数器
reg [:]   data;
reg [:]  h_dat;
reg [:]   v_dat;

//reg [9:0]   timer;

reg   flag;
wire  hcount_ov;
wire  vcount_ov;
wire  dat_act;
wire  hsync;
wire   vsync;
reg  vga_clk;
//VGA行、场扫描时序参数表
parameter hsync_end   = 'd95,
   hdat_begin  = 'd143,
   hdat_end  = 'd783,
   hpixel_end  = 'd799,
   vsync_end  = 'd1,
   vdat_begin  = 'd34,
   vdat_end  = 'd514,
   vline_end  = 'd524;

always @(posedge clock)
begin
 vga_clk = ~vga_clk;
end

//************************VGA驱动部分*******************************
//行扫描
always @(posedge vga_clk)
begin
 if (hcount_ov)
  hcount <= 'd0;
 else
  hcount <= hcount + 'd1;
end
assign hcount_ov = (hcount == hpixel_end);
//场扫描
always @(posedge vga_clk)
begin
 if (hcount_ov)
 begin
  if (vcount_ov)
   vcount <= 'd0;
  else
   vcount <= vcount + 'd1;
 end
end
assign  vcount_ov = (vcount == vline_end);
//数据、同步信号输
assign dat_act =    ((hcount >= hdat_begin) && (hcount < hdat_end))
     && ((vcount >= vdat_begin) && (vcount < vdat_end));
assign hsync = (hcount > hsync_end);
assign vsync = (vcount > vsync_end);
assign disp_RGB = (dat_act) ?  data : 'h00;       

//************************显示数据处理部分*******************************
//图片显示延时计数器
/*always @(posedge vga_clk)
begin
 flag <= vcount_ov;
 if(vcount_ov && ~flag)
  timer <= timer + 1'b1;
end
*/

always @(posedge vga_clk)
begin
 case(switch[:])
  'd0: data <= h_dat;      //选择横彩条
  'd1: data <= v_dat;      //选择竖彩条
  'd2: data <= (v_dat ^ h_dat); //产生棋盘格
  'd3: data <= (v_dat ~^ h_dat); //产生棋盘格
 endcase
end

always @(posedge vga_clk)  //产生竖彩条
begin
 if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h7;      //白
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h6;   //黄
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h5;   //青
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h4;    //绿
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h3;   //紫
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h2;   //红
 else if(hcount < )
  v_dat <= 'h1;   //蓝
 else
  v_dat <= 'h0;   //黑
end

always @(posedge vga_clk)  //产生横彩条
begin
 if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h7;        //白
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h6;   //黄
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h5;   //青
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h4;    //绿
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h3;   //紫
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h2;   //红
 else if(vcount < )
  h_dat <= 'h1;   //蓝
 else
  h_dat <= 'h0;   //黑
end

endmodule

3. 用quartus软件综合一下工程，烧写，插上显示器的VGA接口，可以看到显示器显示的8种颜色。