xml和configparser模块

一、xml模块

　　xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，

　但至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

　　xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

　　xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml

# _*_coding:utf-8_*_

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# xml 通过<> 节点区别数据结构

tree = ET.parse("xml test") # open 文件
root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0)
#print(dir(root))
print(root.tag) # 打印标签
#
#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print('----------',child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag,i.text)

#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

　　修改和删除xml文档内容

# _*_coding:utf-8_*_

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xml test")
root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0)

#修改
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year = int(node.text) - 1
    node.text = str(new_year) # 必须是字符串
    node.set("revise_test","yes")

#删除node
for country in root.findall('country'):
   rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
   if rank > 50:
     root.remove(country)

tree.write('output.xml')

　　自己创建xml文档

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
sex.text = ''
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
age.text = ''

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

二、configparser模块

　　configparser模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档。

　　常见配置文件格式如下：

[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]
User = hg

[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no

　　解析配置文件

#！/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import configparser

conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
#print(conf.sections())
conf.read('conf.ini')
print(conf.sections())
print(conf.default_section) # DEFAULT
print(conf['bitbucket.org']['user']) # hg

print(list(conf['bitbucket.org'].keys())) #
# ['user', 'maxusers', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'serveraliveinterval', 'forwardx11']

for k,v in conf['bitbucket.org'].items():
    print(k,v)
'''
user hg
maxusers 100
compression yes
compressionlevel 9
serveraliveinterval 45
forwardx11 yes
'''
# default 中的参数是默认每个里面都有的

if 'user' in conf['bitbucket.org']:
    print('it is right')

　　增删改查语法

#！/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import configparser
conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

conf.read('conf_test.ini')
print(dir(conf))

# 查
print(conf.options('group1'))     # ['k1', 'k2']
print(conf['group1']['k1'])        # v1
print(conf.get('group1','k1'))    # v1

# 增加
conf.add_section('group3')     # 添加节点
conf['group3']['name'] = 'cc'
conf['group3']['age'] = '21   ' # 必须为字符串
conf.write(open('conf_test_new.ini','w'))

# 改
conf.set('group2','k1','')
conf.write(open('conf_test_new.ini','w'))

# 删
conf.remove_option('group1','k2')
conf.remove_section('group2')
conf.write(open('conf_test_new.ini','w'))

　　文章摘录整理自https://www.luffycity.com/python-book/di-4-zhang-python-ji-chu-2014-chang-yong-mo-kuai/configparser-mo-kuai.html