java.util.AbstractStringBuilder源码分析

AbstractStringBuilder是一个抽象类，是StringBuilder和StringBuffer的父类，分析它的源码对StringBuilder和StringBuffer代码的理解有很大的帮助。

先来看看该类的声明：

abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {}

该类实现Appendable和CharSequence接口。

成员变量：

char[] value;//字符数组用来存储字符串
int count;//值是字符串数组被使用的长度。注意，字符数组被使用长度不等于字符数组长度

构造器：

AbstractStringBuilder() {//无参构造器
}

AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {//带一个int参数构造器，capacity是字符串数组的大小，相当于字符串容器的大小
        value = new char[capacity];
}

方法：

//返回字符串实际大小
public int length() {
        return count;
}

//返回容器容量
public int capacity() {
        return value.length;
}

//确保容器的大小比minimumCapcipty大
public void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
        if (minimumCapacity > 0)
            ensureCapacityInternal(minimumCapacity);
}

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0)//如果minimumCapacity比容器大
            expandCapacity(minimumCapacity);//扩容
}

void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
        int newCapacity = value.length * 2 + 2;//新容量是(原容量大小+1)*2
        if (newCapacity - minimumCapacity < 0)//如果扩容后仍然不够minimumCapacity
            newCapacity = minimumCapacity;//那么新容量就是minimumCapacity
        if (newCapacity < 0) {
            if (minimumCapacity < 0) // overflow
                throw new OutOfMemoryError();
            newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity);//创建新容器
}

//这个方法是让容器的大小变成跟字符串大小一样
public void trimToSize() {
        if (count < value.length) {
            value = Arrays.copyOf(value, count);
        }
}

//设置字符串的长度，如果比原来长，多出来的部分填充'\0'，如果比原来短，截断
public void setLength(int newLength) {
        if (newLength < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(newLength);
        ensureCapacityInternal(newLength);

        if (count < newLength) {
            Arrays.fill(value, count, newLength, '\0');
        }

        count = newLength;
}

//返回index位置的字符
public char charAt(int index) {
        if ((index < 0) || (index >= count))
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        return value[index];
}

//注意下面的append方法，重载的方法很多，支持各种类型参数的append，仅列出部分
//在字符串末尾添加一个字符串，该字符串由obj的toString方法决定
public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {
        return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}

//在字符串末尾添加一个字符串str
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null)
            return appendNull();
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
}

//在字符串后面添加null字符串
private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
        int c = count;
        ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);
        final char[] value = this.value;
        value[c++] = 'n';
        value[c++] = 'u';
        value[c++] = 'l';
        value[c++] = 'l';
        count = c;
        return this;
}

//删除start至end的字符子串，容量不变，字符串长度减少end-start
public AbstractStringBuilder delete(int start, int end) {
        if (start < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);
        if (end > count)
            end = count;
        if (start > end)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException();
        int len = end - start;
        if (len > 0) {
            System.arraycopy(value, start+len, value, start, count-end);
            count -= len;
        }
}

//返回start至end的子串
public String substring(int start, int end) {
        if (start < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start);
        if (end > count)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end);
        if (start > end)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end - start);
　　　　return new String(value, start, end - start);
}

//在index位置插入str从offset开始，长度为len的子串
public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset,
                                        int len)
    {
        if ((index < 0) || (index > length()))
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        if ((offset < 0) || (len < 0) || (offset > str.length - len))
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(
                "offset " + offset + ", len " + len + ", str.length "
                + str.length);
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        System.arraycopy(value, index, value, index + len, count - index);
        System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, index, len);
        count += len;
}

//将字符串的顺序颠倒，如"abc" reverse 成 "cba"
public AbstractStringBuilder reverse() {
        boolean hasSurrogates = false;
        int n = count - 1;
        for (int j = (n-1) >> 1; j >= 0; j--) {
            int k = n - j;
            char cj = value[j];
            char ck = value[k];
            value[j] = ck;
            value[k] = cj;
            if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) ||
                Character.isSurrogate(ck)) {
                hasSurrogates = true;
            }
        }
        if (hasSurrogates) {
            reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs();
        }
        return this;
}

//...还有其他的方法

可以看到AbstractStringBuilder几乎定义了所有字符串的操作，同时它接受任意类型的拼接，在一个动态数组上操作字符串，对于频繁的字符操作，相比于直接使用String来操作new一个新的String，能提高效率。