python的pip管理工具

Python有两个著名的包管理工具easy_install.py和pip。在Python2.7的安装包中，easy_install.py是默认安装的，而pip需要我们手动安装。

在此进行编译安装pip管理工具，下载地址：https://pypi.org/project/pip/#files

现在的pip版本是pip-10.0.1，支持python2.x和python3.x

1、下载文件，然后解压

tar -xf pip-10.0..tar.gz 

2、查看pip文件内容

 [root@python pip-10.0.]# ls
 AUTHORS.txt  dist  LICENSE.txt  NEWS.rst  pyproject.toml  setup.cfg  src
 build        docs  MANIFEST.in  PKG-INFO  README.rst      setup.py

3、安装pip

[root@python pip-10.0.]# python setup.py install

4、查看pip安装成功版本

 [root@python pip-10.0.]# pip -V
 pip 10.0. from /usr/lib/python2./site-packages/pip-10.0.-py2..egg/pip (python 2.7)

5、测试安装psutil模块

[root@python ~]# pip install psutil

出现以下问题

 Collecting psutil
   Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/9e/0f8f5423ce28c9109807024f7bdde776ed0b1161de20b408875de7e030c3/psutil-5.4.6.tar.gz (418kB)
     % |████████████████████████████████| 419kB 227kB/s
 ipaclient 4.5. requires jinja2, which is not installed.
 rtslib-fb 2.1. has requirement pyudev>=0.16., but you'll have pyudev 0.15 which is incompatible.
 ipapython 4.5. has requirement dnspython>=1.15, but you'll have dnspython 1.12.0 which is incompatible.
 Installing collected packages: psutil
   Running setup.py install for psutil ... error
     Complete output from command /bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-FbEPxr/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
     /usr/lib64/python2./distutils/dist.py:: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'python_requires'
       warnings.warn(msg)
     running install
     running build
     running build_py
     creating build
     creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
     creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_psposix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_psbsd.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_psaix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_pssunos.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_pslinux.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_common.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_psosx.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     copying psutil/_pswindows.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_bsd.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_contracts.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_aix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_memory_leaks.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_system.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_linux.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_misc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_osx.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_process.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_windows.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_posix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_sunos.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     copying psutil/tests/test_unicode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
     running build_ext
     building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
     gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE= -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size= -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE= -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size= -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_POSIX= -DPSUTIL_VERSION= -DPSUTIL_LINUX= -I/usr/include/python2. -c psutil/_psutil_common.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/_psutil_common.o
     psutil/_psutil_common.c:9:20: 致命错误：Python.h：没有那个文件或目录
      #include <Python.h>
                         ^
     编译中断。
     error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

     ----------------------------------------
 Command "/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-FbEPxr/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code  in /tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/

解决方法：

安装python-devel，这是python的头文件和静态库包

[root@python ~]# yum install python-devel

6、再次安装psutil模块

 [root@python ~]# pip install psutil
 Collecting psutil
   Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/9e/0f8f5423ce28c9109807024f7bdde776ed0b1161de20b408875de7e030c3/psutil-5.4.6.tar.gz
 ipaclient 4.5. requires jinja2, which is not installed.
 rtslib-fb 2.1. has requirement pyudev>=0.16., but you'll have pyudev 0.15 which is incompatible.
 ipapython 4.5. has requirement dnspython>=1.15, but you'll have dnspython 1.12.0 which is incompatible.
 Installing collected packages: psutil
   Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
 Successfully installed psutil-5.4.

致此，pip安装成功，可以安装自已想要的模块，解决模块的依赖关系。