Django使用遇到的各种问题及解决方法

从Django的 搭建开始，遇到的问题就不断，网站还没有发布，就出错了，我查了好多资料，啃得了不少东西，也没有找到合适的方法，终于没办法了，自己硬着头皮往下读，终于解决了这些问题，下面分享给大家。

代码是这样的：

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def application(environ, start_response):

    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    #return [b'<h1>Hello, web!</h1>']
    return '<h1>hello,web</h1>'

httpd = make_server(host='',port=,app =application)

print('Serving HTTP on port 8888...')

第一步在运行程序，包括在cmd中运行如下代码：

python manage.py runserver

都出现出现了错误如下：

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues ( silenced).

You have  unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
July ,  - ::
Django version 1.11., using settings 'hello.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
127.0.0.1
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x0383A6F0>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line , in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line , in inner_run
    ipv6=self.use_ipv6, threading=threading, server_cls=self.server_cls)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line , in run
    httpd = httpd_cls(server_address, WSGIRequestHandler, ipv6=ipv6)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line , in __init__
    super(WSGIServer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\socketserver.py", line , in __init__
    self.server_bind()
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line , in server_bind
    HTTPServer.server_bind(self)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\http\server.py", line , in server_bind
    self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python\Python36\lib\socket.py", line , in getfqdn
    hostname, aliases, ipaddrs = gethostbyaddr(name)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd2 in position 0: invalid continuation byte

究其意思就是编码错误：

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd2 in position 0: invalid continuation byte

Python3默认的是utf-8编码，而我们最苦逼的地方就是中文，程序遇到中文极大可能性会报错。出现编码问题，说明解码方式不对，可能是utf8解码中文出错，接着确认哪里出了问题。错误提示发现是

hostname, aliases, ipaddrs = gethostbyaddr(name)

这句代码出了错误，这句代码是个函数，函数有参数，那先从参数入手，参数是name，那可能name是个中文。经研究错误提示发现gethostbyaddr()函数是中文翻译就是获取主机地址，而传参是名字，那么name传入的就是主机名，也就是我的电脑名。我的电脑名是中文，是不是改成英文就可以了，经测试发现的确是主机中文名导致的问题，改成英文名即可顺利启动本地服务器。

！！！！！！！！！！但是

启动之后又错了，报错内容如下：

Serving HTTP on port ...
127.0.0.1 - - [/Dec/ ::] "GET / HTTP/1.1"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    "write() argument must be a bytes instance"
AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance
127.0.0.1 - - [/Dec/ ::] "GET / HTTP/1.1"
----------------------------------------
Exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', )
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    "write() argument must be a bytes instance"
AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.handle_error()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in handle_error
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    self.send_headers()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in send_headers
    if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern():
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in client_is_modern
    return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9'
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in _handle_request_noblock
    self.process_request(request, client_address)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in process_request
    self.finish_request(request, client_address)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in finish_request
    self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in __init__
    self.handle()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line , in handle
    handler.run(self.server.get_app())
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.close()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line , in close
    self.status.split(' ',)[], self.bytes_sent
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'
----------------------------------------
127.0.0.1 - - [/Dec/ ::] "GET / HTTP/1.1"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    "write() argument must be a bytes instance"
AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance
127.0.0.1 - - [/Dec/ ::] "GET / HTTP/1.1"
----------------------------------------
Exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', )
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    "write() argument must be a bytes instance"
AssertionError: write() argument must be a bytes instance

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.handle_error()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in handle_error
    self.finish_response()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in write
    self.send_headers()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in send_headers
    if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern():
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in client_is_modern
    return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9'
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in _handle_request_noblock
    self.process_request(request, client_address)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in process_request
    self.finish_request(request, client_address)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in finish_request
    self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
  File "D:\python3\lib\socketserver.py", line , in __init__
    self.handle()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line , in handle
    handler.run(self.server.get_app())
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\handlers.py", line , in run
    self.close()
  File "D:\python3\lib\wsgiref\simple_server.py", line , in close
    self.status.split(' ',)[], self.bytes_sent
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'
----------------------------------------

自己也继续看，因为百度啊，google啊，私信请教人啊，均无收获，只能自己看，首先根据提示第一个错误就是

Assertion Error: write() argument must be a bytes instance

解决办法如下：

return ['<h1>Hello world</h1>'.encode('utf-8'),]

后面再遇到问题的话，小编会相继传上去的，