matplotlib绑定到PyQt5（有菜单）

稍微复杂地实现matplotlib绑定到PyQt5（有菜单）

【知识点】

 import matplotlib
 matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")

【效果图】

【源代码】

 import sys
 import random

 import matplotlib
 matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")

 from PyQt5 import QtCore
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget

 from numpy import arange, sin, pi
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure

 class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
     """这是一个窗口部件，即QWidget（当然也是FigureCanvasAgg）"""
     def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
         fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
         self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
         # 每次plot()调用的时候，我们希望原来的坐标轴被清除(所以False)
         self.axes.hold(False)

         self.compute_initial_figure()

         #
         FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
         self.setParent(parent)

         FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                    QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                    QSizePolicy.Expanding)
         FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

     def compute_initial_figure(self):
         pass

 class MyStaticMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
     """静态画布：一条正弦线"""
     def compute_initial_figure(self):
         t = arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
         s = sin(2*pi*t)
         self.axes.plot(t, s)

 class MyDynamicMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
     """动态画布：每秒自动更新，更换一条折线。"""
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
         timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
         timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
         timer.start(1000)

     def compute_initial_figure(self):
         self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 0, 4], 'r')

     def update_figure(self):
         # 构建4个随机整数，位于闭区间[0, 10]
         l = [random.randint(0, 10) for i in range(4)]

         self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], l, 'r')
         self.draw()

 class ApplicationWindow(QMainWindow):
     def __init__(self):
         QMainWindow.__init__(self)
         self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_DeleteOnClose)
         self.setWindowTitle("程序主窗口")

         self.file_menu = QMenu('&File', self)
         self.file_menu.addAction('&Quit', self.fileQuit,
                                  QtCore.Qt.CTRL + QtCore.Qt.Key_Q)
         self.menuBar().addMenu(self.file_menu)

         self.help_menu = QMenu('&Help', self)
         self.menuBar().addSeparator()
         self.menuBar().addMenu(self.help_menu)

         self.help_menu.addAction('&About', self.about)

         self.main_widget = QWidget(self)

         l = QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)
         sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
         dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
         l.addWidget(sc)
         l.addWidget(dc)

         self.main_widget.setFocus()
         self.setCentralWidget(self.main_widget)
         # 状态条显示2秒
         self.statusBar().showMessage("matplotlib 万岁!", 2000)

     def fileQuit(self):
         self.close()

     def closeEvent(self, ce):
         self.fileQuit()

     def about(self):
         QMessageBox.about(self, "About",
         """embedding_in_qt5.py example
         Copyright 2015 BoxControL

         This program is a simple example of a Qt5 application embedding matplotlib
         canvases. It is base on example from matplolib documentation, and initially was
         developed from Florent Rougon and Darren Dale.

         http://matplotlib.org/examples/user_interfaces/embedding_in_qt4.html

         It may be used and modified with no restriction; raw copies as well as
         modified versions may be distributed without limitation.
         """
         )

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = QApplication(sys.argv)

     aw = ApplicationWindow()
     aw.setWindowTitle("PyQt5 与 Matplotlib 例子")
     aw.show()
     #sys.exit(qApp.exec_())
     app.exec_()