zabbix-3.0.3 mysql表分区的方法

目的：解决mysql空间越来越大，mysql性能出现瓶颈，zabbix会无端出现大量agent超时报警

中间遇到一个mysql问题：5.1版本的mysql不支持分表（其实是支持的，需要重新编译mysql，加上参数--with-plugins=partition(支持分表功能))，最后升级mysql到5.6版本解决

 

1、修改两张表的结构：

use zabbix

Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);

Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

 

2、导入存储过程(先别着急执行，可以往下看，保存sql文件一起执行)：

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;

SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD
PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK,
'));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END
$$DELIMITER ;

 

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions

WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND
CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) <
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = "";/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32),
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT,
CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));SET @__interval = 1;
create_loop: LOOP
IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
END LOOP;SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");

SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ",
PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP),
"));");-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

 

可以将这四个存储过程写成一个SQL文件直接导入：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot -p zabbix < partition_call.sql

完成上面四个存储过程后

3、使用存储过程

CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)
例如：mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 7, 24, 7);
zabbix_db_name：库名

table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的数据
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一个分区
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少个分区
这个例子就是history表最多保存7天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成7个分区

 

4、下面这个存储过程就是统一调用

 

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;

 

保存成文件，再次导入存储过程：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot -p'123456' zabbix < partition_all.sql

 

以后只需要调用这个存储过程就可以了，每天执行一次：

mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

将上面这条命令写入到计划任务中如下：

01 01 * * * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"