Oracle配置数据库诊断

环境：RHEL 6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

1. 设置ADR

2. 使用Support Workbench

3. 恢复块介质

Reference

1. 设置ADR

## 1.1 查看v$diag_info ##

查看v$diag_info诊断库相关信息：

col value for a70
col name for a35
set linesize 140
select * from v$diag_info;

SQL> select * from v$diag_info;

   INST_ID NAME                                VALUE
---------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 Diag Enabled                        TRUE
         1 ADR Base                            /opt/app/oracle11
         1 ADR Home                            /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas
         1 Diag Trace                          /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/trace
         1 Diag Alert                          /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/alert
         1 Diag Incident                       /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/incident
         1 Diag Cdump                          /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/cdump
         1 Health Monitor                      /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/hm
         1 Default Trace File                  /opt/app/oracle11/diag/rdbms/vas/vas/trace/vas_ora_10952.trc
         1 Active Problem Count                2
         1 Active Incident Count               17

11 rows selected.

1.2 ADRCI工具

ADR完全基于文件系统，可以使用ADRCI查询ADR的内容，还可以将事件和问题信息打包在可以发送给Oracle Support部门的ZIP压缩文件中。

$ adrci

ADRCI: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Dec 31 10:57:51 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

ADR base = "/oradata/app/oracle"
adrci> help

 HELP [topic]
   Available Topics:
        CREATE REPORT
        ECHO
        EXIT
        HELP
        HOST
        IPS
        PURGE
        RUN
        SET BASE
        SET BROWSER
        SET CONTROL
        SET ECHO
        SET EDITOR
        SET HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
        SET TERMOUT
        SHOW ALERT
        SHOW BASE
        SHOW CONTROL
        SHOW HM_RUN
        SHOW HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
        SHOW INCDIR
        SHOW INCIDENT
        SHOW PROBLEM
        SHOW REPORT
        SHOW TRACEFILE
        SPOOL

 There are other commands intended to be used directly by Oracle, type
 "HELP EXTENDED" to see the list

adrci>

2. 使用Support Workbench

## 2.1 手工构造一则ORA-00600错误 ##
```
SQL> alter user jingyu identified by values '';
alter user jingyu identified by values ''
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kzsviver:1], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], [], [], []
```
可以在EM中，打包问题 -> 快速打包 -> 创建新程序包 -> 查看内容 -> 查看清单 -> 调度
已成功生成程序包 ORA600kzs_20151231145006 的上载文件。
该上载文件位于 [/oradata/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ChinaUnicomDB_shitan/sysman/emd/state/ORA600kzs_20151231145006_COM_1.zip]。
请将其手动发送到 Oracle。
我们来看下这个压缩文件打包了哪些文件：
```
$ unzip ORA600kzs_20151231145006_COM_1.zip
Archive: ORA600kzs_20151231145006_COM_1.zip
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_CONFIGURATION.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_INCIDENT.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_FILE.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_HISTORY.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_FILE_METADATA.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_FILE_COPY_LOG.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_DEF.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_PARAMETER_DEF.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_PARAMETER.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_INCIDENT_TYPE.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_INCIDENT_ACTION_MAP.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCIDENT.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCCKEY.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCIDENT_FILE.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/PROBLEM.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/HM_RUN.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/EM_USER_ACTIVITY.dmp
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incident/incdir_5097/shitan_ora_27456_i5097.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incident/incdir_5097/shitan_ora_27456_i5097.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_ora_27456.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_ora_27456.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.xml
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.html
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.txt
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/alert/log.xml
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/alert_shitan.log
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_mmon_18549.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_mmon_18549.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_ora_18600.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_ora_18600.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_lgwr_18541.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_lgwr_18541.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_diag_18531.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_diag_18531.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_dbrm_18533.trc
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/trace/shitan_dbrm_18533.trm
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/config.xml
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/crs/crsdiag.log
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/opatch/opatch.log
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/opatch/opatch.xml
inflating: diag/rdbms/shitan/shitan/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/metadata.xml
inflating: metadata.xml
```
## 2.2 使用HM(Health Monitor) ##
```
col name for a50
select id, name, offline_capable from v$hm_check order by id;
```

3. 恢复块介质

在RMAN备份命令，ANALYZE命令，dbv操作系统命令以及尝试访问受损块的SQL查询，都会找到坏块后填充v$database_block_corruption视图。

SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;

如果Oracle检测到受损块，它将在EM主页和警报日志中注册ORA-01578错误.错误消息包含坏块的绝对文件编号和块编号。例如：

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 403)
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/oradata/data/SHITAN/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ji_c7q2vg1x_.dbf'

通常，引起损坏的原因是操作系统或磁盘硬件故障，如存在故障的I/O硬件或固件、操作系统缓存问题、内存或分页问题或磁盘修复实用程序引发的错误。

-- 恢复5号数据文件的第403个块
RMAN> recover datafile 5 block 403;
-- 恢复v$database_block_corruption视图中记录的所有坏块
RMAN> recover corruption list;

DRA使用相关可参考：

• 《DRA(Data Recovery Advisor)的使用》

Reference

- OCP 认证考试指南 (1Z0-053)[M]. 清华大学出版社, 2010.