7.Bconsole操作

1.   Bconsole操作

启动控制台

cd /usr/local/bacula/bin

./bconsole

*help

Command       Description

=======       ===========

add           Add media to a pool

autodisplay   Autodisplay console messages

automount     Automount after label

cancel        Cancel a job

create        Create DB Pool from resource

delete        Delete volume, pool or job

disable       Disable a job, attributes batch process

enable        Enable a job, attributes batch process

estimate      Performs FileSet estimate, listing gives full listing #预算某个备份或恢复job

exit          Terminate Bconsole session

gui           Non-interactive gui mode

help          Print help on specific command

label         Label a tape

list          List objects from catalog

llist         Full or long list like list command

messages      Display pending messages

memory        Print current memory usage

mount         Mount storage

prune         Prune expired records from catalog  #从目录中删除过期记录（清除6个月（默认）以上的备份）

purge         Purge records from catalog         #清除目录中的记录 （危险操作）

quit          Terminate Bconsole session

query         Query catalog

restore       Restore files

relabel       Relabel a tape

release       Release storage

reload        Reload conf file               #当配置文件修改之后，重新加载配置文件

run           Run a job

restart       Restart a job

resume        Resume a job

status        Report status

stop          Stop a job

setdebug      Sets debug level

setbandwidth  Sets bandwidth

snapshot      Handle snapshots

setip         Sets new client address -- if authorized

show          Show resource records

sqlquery      Use SQL to query catalog

time          Print current time

trace         Turn on/off trace to file

truncate      Truncate one or more Volumes

unmount       Unmount storage

umount        Umount - for old-time Unix guys, see unmount

update        Update volume, pool or stats

use           Use catalog xxx

var           Does variable expansion

version       Print Director version

wait          Wait until no jobs are running

When at a prompt, entering a period cancels the command.

1.1.   查看bacula版本

*version

server-dir Version: 7.4.7 (16 March 2017) x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat

1.2.   estimate

*estimate

The defined Job resources are:

1: client1-backup

2: client1-restores

Select Job resource (1-2):

Using Catalog "MyCatalog"

Connecting to Client client1-fd at 192.168.119.130:9102

2000 OK estimate files=29 bytes=2,569,048

1.3.   label 初始化存储

（备份数据全部存储至新label中，已备份的任务建议不要操作）

*label

Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog

Using Catalog "MyCatalog"

The defined Storage resources are:

1: File1

2: File2

Select Storage resource (1-2):   # 选择存储资源

Enter new Volume name: bk   # 输入新的存储名

Defined Pools:

1: Default

2: File

3: Scratch

4: File-1

5: Pool1

6: pool1

Select the Pool (1-6): 6     # 选择Pool，根据实际情况填写

Connecting to Storage daemon File1 at 192.168.119.129:9103 ...

Sending label command for Volume "bk" Slot 0 ...

3000 OK label. VolBytes=187 VolABytes=0 VolType=1 Volume="bk" Device="FileChgr1-Dev1" (/data)

Catalog record for Volume "bk", Slot 0  successfully created.

Requesting to mount FileChgr1 ...

3906 File device ""FileChgr1-Dev1" (/data)" is always mounted.

1.4.   run备份测试（一次全备）

*run

A job name must be specified.

The defined Job resources are:

1: client1-backup

2: client1-restores

Select Job resource (1-2):   #选择客户端

Run Backup job

JobName:  client1-backup

Level:    Incremental

Client:   client1-fd

FileSet:  FileSet1

Pool:     pool1 (From Job resource)

Storage:  File1 (From Job resource)

When:     2017-07-16 10:36:22

Priority: 10

OK to run? (yes/mod/no): mod  #选择备份模式

Parameters to modify:

1: Level

2: Storage

3: Job

4: FileSet

5: Client

6: When

7: Priority

8: Pool

9: Plugin Options

Select parameter to modify (1-9):  #修改备份模式

Levels:

1: Full

2: Incremental

3: Differential

4: Since

5: VirtualFull

Select level (1-5): 1 #选择全备

Run Backup job

JobName:  client1-backup

Level:    Full

Client:   client1-fd

FileSet:  FileSet1

Pool:     pool1 (From Job resource)

Storage:  File1 (From Job resource)

When:     2017-07-16 10:36:22

Priority: 10

OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes

Job queued. JobId=106

You have messages.

1.5.   status查看状态

*status

Status available for:

1: Director

2: Storage

3: Client

4: Scheduled

5: All

Select daemon type for status (1-5):

The defined Client resources are:

1: server-fd

2: client1-fd

Select Client (File daemon) resource (1-2):

Connecting to Client client1-fd at 192.168.119.130:9102

client-fd Version: 7.4.7 (16 March 2017)  x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu redhat

Daemon started 16-Jul-17 09:05. Jobs: run=12 running=0.

Heap: heap=135,168 smbytes=298,089 max_bytes=898,791 bufs=86 max_bufs=149

Sizes: boffset_t=8 size_t=8 debug=0 trace=0 mode=0 bwlimit=0kB/s

Plugin: bpipe-fd.so

Running Jobs:

Director connected at: 16-Jul-17 10:39

No Jobs running.

====

Terminated Jobs:

JobId  Level      Files    Bytes   Status   Finished        Name

===================================================================

97  Full          29    231.1 K  OK       16-Jul-17 09:30 client1-backup

98  Incr           2    80.74 K  OK       16-Jul-17 09:35 client1-backup

99  Incr           3    81.83 K  OK       16-Jul-17 09:45 client1-backup

100  Incr           3    82.64 K  OK       16-Jul-17 09:55 client1-backup

101  Diff           3    82.99 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:00 client1-backup

102  Incr           2    83.30 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:05 client1-backup

103  Incr           3    84.23 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:15 client1-backup

104  Incr           6    86.74 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:25 client1-backup

105  Incr           2    85.98 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:35 client1-backup

106  Full          29    237.1 K  OK       16-Jul-17 10:37 client1-backup

====

1.6.   restore恢复操作

*restore

Using Catalog "MyCatalog"

First you select one or more JobIds that contain files

to be restored. You will be presented several methods

of specifying the JobIds. Then you will be allowed to

select which files from those JobIds are to be restored.

To select the JobIds, you have the following choices:

1: List last 20 Jobs run #列出最近运行的20个Job

2: List Jobs where a given File is saved                    # 列出备份文件的路径

3: Enter list of comma separated JobIds to select          # 按照特定的Jobid还原

4: Enter SQL list command                               # 输入SQL语句

5: Select the most recent backup for a client              # 选择最近一次的备份

6: Select backup for a client before a specified time       # 选择指定的备份时间点来恢复（时间点之前）

7: Enter a list of files to restore

8: Enter a list of files to restore before a specified time

9: Find the JobIds of the most recent backup for a client  # 找到最近一次备份的Jobid

10: Find the JobIds for a backup for a client before a specified time

11: Enter a list of directories to restore for found JobIds

12: Select full restore to a specified Job date

13: Cancel

Select item:  (1-13): 9   #查看最近的一个备份点

Defined Clients:

1: client-fd

2: client1-fd

3: server-fd

4: sky-client-fd

Select the Client (1-4):

Automatically selected FileSet: FileSet1

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

| JobId | Level | JobFiles | JobBytes | StartTime           | VolumeName                     |

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

|   106 | F     |       29 |  237,101 | 2017-07-16 10:37:01 | client1-backup-2017-07-16-id95 |

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

To select the JobIds, you have the following choices:

1: List last 20 Jobs run

2: List Jobs where a given File is saved

3: Enter list of comma separated JobIds to select

4: Enter SQL list command

5: Select the most recent backup for a client

6: Select backup for a client before a specified time

7: Enter a list of files to restore

8: Enter a list of files to restore before a specified time

9: Find the JobIds of the most recent backup for a client

10: Find the JobIds for a backup for a client before a specified time

11: Enter a list of directories to restore for found JobIds

12: Select full restore to a specified Job date

13: Cancel

Select item:  (1-13): 5  #恢复测试，选择最近的一个备份点

Defined Clients:

1: client-fd

2: client1-fd

3: server-fd

4: sky-client-fd

Select the Client (1-4):

Automatically selected FileSet: FileSet1

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

| JobId | Level | JobFiles | JobBytes | StartTime           | VolumeName                     |

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

|   106 | F     |       29 |  237,101 | 2017-07-16 10:37:01 | client1-backup-2017-07-16-id95 |

|   107 | I     |        3 |   87,230 | 2017-07-16 10:45:13 | client1-backup-2017-07-16-id95 |

+-------+-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------------------------+

You have selected the following JobIds: 106,107  # 查找到最近的一次是1个全量（106）加1个增量（107）

Building directory tree for JobId(s) 106,107 ...

28 files inserted into the tree.

You are now entering file selection mode where you add (mark) and

remove (unmark) files to be restored. No files are initially added, unless

you used the "all" keyword on the command line.

Enter "done" to leave this mode.

# 查看备份的内容

cwd is: /

$ ls

var/

$ cd var/log/

cwd is: /var/log/

$ ls

anaconda.ifcfg.log

anaconda.log

anaconda.program.log

anaconda.storage.log

anaconda.syslog

anaconda.xlog

anaconda.yum.log

audit/

boot.log

btmp

cron

cron-20170716

dmesg

dmesg.old

dracut.log

lastlog

maillog

maillog-20170716

messages

messages-20170716

mysqld.log

secure

secure-20170716

spooler

spooler-20170716

tallylog

wtmp

$ mark messages

# 标记需要还原的文件

# mark * 标记全部

# unmark messages 不标记的内容，只能unmark已经标记的

1 file marked.

$ done  #确认还原

Bootstrap records written to /root/bacula/bin/working/server-dir.restore.1.bsr

Bootstrap records written to /root/bacula/bin/working/server-dir.restore.1.bsr

The Job will require the following (*=>InChanger):

Volume(s)                 Storage(s)                SD Device(s)

===========================================================================

client1-backup-2017-07-16-id95 File1                     FileChgr1

Volumes marked with "*" are in the Autochanger.

1 file selected to be restored.

在客户端的/opt目录下查看恢复的内容

[root@client opt]# cd /opt/var/log/

[root@client log]# ls

Messages   # 文件已恢复

1.7.   delete删除备份记录

*delete

Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog

Using Catalog "MyCatalog"

In general it is not a good idea to delete either a

Pool or a Volume since they may contain data.

You have the following choices:

1: volume

2: pool

3: jobid

4: snapshot

Choose catalog item to delete (1-4):

Defined Pools:

1: Default

2: File

3: Scratch

4: Pool1

Select the Pool (1-4):

+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+----------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+------------+

| MediaId | VolumeName  | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes       | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten         | ExpiresIn  |

+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+----------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+------------+

|      16 | Backup-0016 | Purged    |       1 | 21,474,832,957 |        4 |   31,536,000 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-09-29 13:01:53 | 22,278,875 |

|      17 | Backup-0017 | Purged    |       1 | 21,474,818,922 |        4 |   31,536,000 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-09-29 13:35:54 | 22,280,916 |

|      18 | Backup-0018 | Purged    |       1 | 21,474,818,951 |        4 |   31,536,000 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-09-29 14:09:56 | 22,282,958 |

|      19 | Backup-0019 | Purged    |       1 | 21,474,818,846 |        4 |   31,536,000 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-09-29 14:43:57 | 22,284,999 |

|      20 | Backup-0020 | Purged    |       1 | 21,474,809,417 |        4 |   31,536,000 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-10-01 00:36:35 | 22,406,957 |

…

+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+----------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+------------+

Enter a Volume name or *MediaId: *16

This command will delete volume Backup-0016

and all Jobs saved on that volume from the Catalog

Are you sure you want to delete Volume "Backup-0016"? (yes/no): yes

Delete 删除的是数据库里备份的记录，备份的真实文件不会删除

也可以指定指定删除的volume、pool、jobs，直接删除(批量删除)

# 批量删除volume

delete volume=Vol-0085 pool=Pool1 yes

delete volume=Vol-0086 pool=Pool1 yes

delete volume=Vol-0087 pool=Pool1 yes

This command will delete volume Backup-0017

and all Jobs saved on that volume from the Catalog

# 批量删除JOB

delete jobid=18 yes

delete jobid=19 yes

1.8.   update更新（修改备份状态信息）

*update volume

Using Catalog "MyCatalog"

Parameters to modify:

1: Volume Status

2: Volume Retention Period

3: Volume Use Duration

4: Maximum Volume Jobs

5: Maximum Volume Files

6: Maximum Volume Bytes

7: Recycle Flag

8: Slot

9: InChanger Flag

10: Volume Files

11: Pool

12: Volume from Pool

13: All Volumes from Pool

14: All Volumes from all Pools

15: Enabled

16: RecyclePool

17: Action On Purge

18: Done

Select parameter to modify (1-18): 2   # 修改volume Retention

Defined Pools:

1: Default

2: File

3: Scratch

4: Pool1

Select the Pool (1-4):

+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------+

| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes    | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten         | ExpiresIn |

+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------+

|       6 | sky-0006   | Full      |       1 |  10,434,870 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:10:01 |         0 |

|       8 | sky-0008   | Full      |       1 |   1,032,403 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:10:01 |         0 |

|       9 | sky-0009   | Full      |       1 |   1,032,403 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:15:02 |         0 |

|      11 | sky-0011   | Full      |       1 |   1,032,403 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:09:57 |         0 |

|      12 | sky-0012   | Full      |       1 | 104,815,926 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:10:00 |         0 |

|      13 | sky-0013   | Full      |       1 | 104,812,295 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:09:56 |         0 |

|      14 | sky-0014   | Full      |       1 | 104,845,581 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-30 22:50:24 |         0 |

|      15 | sky-0015   | Full      |       1 | 104,832,211 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-30 22:50:28 |         0 |

|      16 | sky-0016   | Full      |       1 | 104,849,950 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-30 22:50:32 |         0 |

|      17 | sky-0017   | Purged    |       1 | 104,801,017 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-12 05:52:54 |         0 |

|      18 | sky-0018   | Purged    |       1 | 104,801,017 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-12 05:52:51 |         0 |

|      19 | sky-0019   | Full      |       1 | 104,795,818 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-30 22:50:41 |         0 |

|      20 | sky-0020   | Full      |       1 | 104,795,411 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-14 05:54:40 |    53,691 |

|      21 | sky-0021   | Full      |       1 | 104,828,675 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-14 12:45:02 |    78,313 |

|      22 | sky-0022   | Full      |       1 | 104,797,721 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-14 07:25:02 |    59,113 |

|      23 | sky-0023   | Purged    |       1 | 104,801,017 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-12 05:52:46 |         0 |

|      24 | sky-0024   | Append    |       1 |  47,138,302 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-14 14:55:02 |    86,113 |

|      25 | sky-0025   | Purged    |       1 | 104,818,041 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-13 05:58:19 |         0 |

|      26 | sky-0026   | Purged    |       1 | 104,801,017 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-12 05:52:39 |         0 |

|      27 | sky-0027   | Full      |       1 | 104,815,926 |        0 |        3,600 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2017-11-29 23:20:05 |         0 |

|      28 | aaa        | Purged    |       1 | 104,816,609 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-12 05:52:43 |         0 |

|      29 | aaa1       | Purged    |       1 | 104,836,570 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | 2018-01-13 05:53:15 |         0 |

|      30 | sky        | Append    |       1 |         206 |        0 |       86,400 |       1 |    0 |         0 | File1     | NULL                | NULL      |

+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------+

Enter a Volume name or *MediaId: *26  # 选择需要修改的volume

Updating Volume "sky-0026"

Current retention period is: 1 day

Enter Volume Retention period: 3600   # 输入需要修改的时间（单位：s）

New retention period is: 1 hour

Parameters to modify:

1: Volume Status

2: Volume Retention Period

3: Volume Use Duration

4: Maximum Volume Jobs

5: Maximum Volume Files

6: Maximum Volume Bytes

7: Recycle Flag

8: Slot

9: InChanger Flag

10: Volume Files

11: Pool

12: Volume from Pool

13: All Volumes from Pool

14: All Volumes from all Pools

15: Enabled

16: RecyclePool

17: Action On Purge

18: Done

Select parameter to modify (1-18):

Selection terminated.

1.9.   Purge备份记录

Purge Purge records from catalog

Purge file/job/volume会将记录清除，但对应的磁盘文件不会删除，系统会标记volume为purged，新的备份会自动写入到purged volume中。

无论purge file/job/volume，对应的file/job/volume将无法恢复，所有此操作非常危险，请谨慎使用。

*purge

This command can be DANGEROUS!!!

It purges (deletes) all Files from a Job,

JobId, Client or Volume; or it purges (deletes)

all Jobs from a Client or Volume without regard

to retention periods. Normally you should use the

PRUNE command, which respects retention periods.

You have the following choices:

1: files

2: jobs

3: volume

Choose item to purge (1-3): 2  #清除job记录

The defined Client resources are:

1: server-fd

2: client1-fd

Select Client (File daemon) resource (1-2): 1 # 选择client

Begin purging jobs from Client "server-fd"

6 Jobs for client server-fd purged from MyCatalog catalog.

# 批量pruge volume

purge volume=Vol-0104 pool=Pool1 yes

purge volume=Vol-0105 pool=Pool1 yes

purge volume=Vol-0106 pool=Pool1 yes

purge volume=Vol-0107 pool=Pool1 yes

1.10.   Prune备份记录

Prune是个比较安全的操作，当volume没有达到VolRetention时间即使prune操作了也不会有影响。

# 批量prune

prune volume=Vol-0001 pool=Pool1 yes

prune volume=Vol-0002 pool=Pool1 yes

prune volume=Vol-0003 pool=Pool1 yes

prune volume=Vol-0004 pool=Pool1 yes