linux常用命令(配置查看,定时任务)

1.查看所有待挂载设备信息

fdisk -l

# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders, total  sectors
Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00002f03

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                   Linux
/dev/sda2                     Extended
/dev/sda5                    Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders, total  sectors
Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3025e656

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1                        HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2                  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb3                 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

2.查看cpu信息

cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor    :
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    :
model        :
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5- CPU @ .40GHz
stepping    :
microcode    : 0x19
cpu MHz        : 3443.429
cache size    :  KB
physical id    :
siblings    :
core id        :
cpu cores    :
apicid        :
initial apicid    :
fdiv_bug    : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu        : yes
fpu_exception    : yes
cpuid level    :
wp        : yes
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
bogomips    : 6796.22
clflush size    :
cache_alignment    :
address sizes    :  bits physical,  bits virtual
power management:

processor    :
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    :
model        :
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5- CPU @ .40GHz
stepping    :
microcode    : 0x19
cpu MHz        : 3399.601
cache size    :  KB
physical id    :
siblings    :
core id        :
cpu cores    :
apicid        :
initial apicid    :
fdiv_bug    : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu        : yes
fpu_exception    : yes
cpuid level    :
wp        : yes
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
bogomips    : 6796.22
clflush size    :
cache_alignment    :
address sizes    :  bits physical,  bits virtual
power management:

processor    :
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    :
model        :
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5- CPU @ .40GHz
stepping    :
microcode    : 0x19
cpu MHz        : 3400.000
cache size    :  KB
physical id    :
siblings    :
core id        :
cpu cores    :
apicid        :
initial apicid    :
fdiv_bug    : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu        : yes
fpu_exception    : yes
cpuid level    :
wp        : yes
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
bogomips    : 6796.22
clflush size    :
cache_alignment    :
address sizes    :  bits physical,  bits virtual
power management:

processor    :
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    :
model        :
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5- CPU @ .40GHz
stepping    :
microcode    : 0x19
cpu MHz        : 3400.000
cache size    :  KB
physical id    :
siblings    :
core id        :
cpu cores    :
apicid        :
initial apicid    :
fdiv_bug    : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu        : yes
fpu_exception    : yes
cpuid level    :
wp        : yes
flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm
bogomips    : 6796.22
clflush size    :
cache_alignment    :
address sizes    :  bits physical,  bits virtual
power management:

3.查看内存信息

cat /proc/meminfo

cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:         kB
MemFree:          kB
MemAvailable:     kB
Buffers:             kB
Cached:            kB
SwapCached:             kB
Active:           kB
Inactive:          kB
Active(anon):     kB
Inactive(anon):    kB
Active(file):      kB
Inactive(file):    kB
Unevictable:           kB
Mlocked:               kB
HighTotal:        kB
HighFree:         kB
LowTotal:          kB
LowFree:           kB
SwapTotal:        kB
SwapFree:         kB
Dirty:                kB
Writeback:              kB
AnonPages:        kB
Mapped:            kB
Shmem:             kB
Slab:               kB
SReclaimable:       kB
SUnreclaim:         kB
KernelStack:         kB
PageTables:         kB
NFS_Unstable:           kB
Bounce:                 kB
WritebackTmp:           kB
CommitLimit:      kB
Committed_AS:     kB
VmallocTotal:      kB
VmallocUsed:        kB
VmallocChunk:       kB
AnonHugePages:     kB
HugePages_Total:
HugePages_Free:
HugePages_Rsvd:
HugePages_Surp:
Hugepagesize:        kB
DirectMap4k:       kB
DirectMap2M:       kB

4.硬盘速度测试

hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda1

/dev/sda1:
 Timing cached reads:    MB in  2.00 seconds = 11305.77 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads:  MB in  3.01 seconds = 363.90 MB/sec

5.cron执行定时任务

crontab -l查看定时任务列表

crontab -e 编辑定时任务

5.1简单的定时任务编辑示范

crontab -e

# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at  a.m every week with:
#   * *  tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab() and cron()
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command
#
##每隔一分钟输出时间到文件

*/2 * * * * echodate >> $HOME>test.txt 

5.2 查看定时任务列表

crontab -l

# crontab -l
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at  a.m every week with:
#   * *  tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab() and cron()
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command
*/ * * * * date >> $HOME>test.txt

5.3查看定时任务运行效果

tail -f ~/test.txt

 tail -f ~/test.txt
2015年 10月 02日 星期五 :: CST
2015年 10月 02日 星期五 :: CST
2015年 10月 02日 星期五 :: CST
2015年 10月 02日 星期五 :: CST

5.4 crontab补充

5.4.1 开启corntab 服务  /etc/init.d/cron start

5.4.2 开机启动corntab

　vim /etc/rc.local 添加需要启动的服务

　例如

　　

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# when machine startup, blow scripts will run.
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S `whoami` "
exit
~                                                

5.5 开启crontab日志

将cron.*前面的注释符去掉 

. 修改rsyslog(大致是第10行):

sudo vim /etc/rsyslog.d/-default.conf

#cron.*    /var/log/cron.log 

. 重启rsyslog:

sudo  service rsyslog  restart

. 查看crontab日志:

tail -f /var/log/cron.log | nl