【C# Parallel】开端

使用条件

1、必须熟练掌握锁、死锁、task的知识，他是建立这两个的基础上的。task建立在线程和线程池上的。

2、并不是所有代码都适合并行化。例如，如果某个循环在每次迭代时只执行少量工作，或它在很多次迭代时都不运行，那么并行化的开销可能导致代码运行更慢。

3、 Parallel.For()和Paraller.ForEach()方法在每次迭代中调用相同的代码，都有返回值ParallelLoopResult 。而Parallel.Invoke()方法允许同时调用不同的方法，返回值viod。

4、 ForEach的格式【Item、否是带有并行选项、【Item 、否是有循环状态、否是有索引、否是有线程本地变量】】

For的格式【起始索（引包含），结束索引（不包含），是否有并行选项【起始索引，释放有循环状态，否是有线程本地变量】】

总结

1、C#通过Parallel类提供并行任务支持，可以很简单的使用线程池。

2、要注意的是，Parallel类不保障执行顺序。

For的格式【起始索（引包含），结束索引（不包含），释放有并行选项【起始索引，释放有循环状态，是否线程本地变量】】

用法一、For(Int32, Int32, Action<Int32>)

int[] count  = Enumerable.Range(1, 100).ToArray();

Parallel.For(1, count.Length, indexer => { Console.WriteLine(indexer); });

用法二、For(Int32, Int32, Action<Int32,ParallelLoopState>)

ParallelOptions op = new() { CancellationToken = CancellationToken.None };

Parallel.For(1, 2, (indexer, op) => { Console.WriteLine(indexer); });

用法三、For(Int32, Int32, ParallelOptions, Action<Int32,ParallelLoopState>)

ParallelOptions op = new() { CancellationToken = CancellationToken.None };

op.TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;

op.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 1;

Parallel.For(1, 2, op, indexer => { Console.WriteLine(indexer); });

用法四、

编写具有线程局部变量的 Parallel.For 循环

public static ParallelLoopResult For<TLocal>
(

	int fromInclusive, //范围下线 包含

	int toExclusive,  //范围上线 不包含

	Func<TLocal> localInit,//TLocal表示线程本地变量的类型

	Func<int, ParallelLoopState, TLocal, TLocal> body,//TLocal表示线程本地变量的类型

	Action<TLocal> localFinally

)

案例：

//TLocal   线程本地 变量的类型

int totalSum = 0;

Parallel.For<string>(1, 10,

    ()=>  "开始打印",// "开始打印" 被保存到线程本地变量中

    (indexer,loopState, LocalValue) =>

     {

        Console.WriteLine(LocalValue +" Thread "+ indexer );

         return LocalValue += indexer;  // LocalValue += indexer被保存到线程本地变量中

      },

    LocalValue => Console.WriteLine("结束打印")

    );

/*

输出

开始打印 Thread 1

开始打印 Thread 2

开始打印2 Thread 8  return LocalValue += indexer;被存储到本地线程变量中LocalValue,

开始打印28 Thread 9  所以打印出 开始打印28

开始打印 Thread 6

开始打印 Thread 5

结束打印

开始打印1 Thread 7

结束打印

开始打印 Thread 3

结束打印

结束打印

开始打印 Thread 4

结束打印

结束打印*/

ForEach的格式【Item、否是带有并行选项、【Item 、否是有循环状态、否是有索引、否是有线程本地变量】】

Enumerable<TSource>和 Partitioner<TSource> 都是以下格式

ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Action<TSource>)
ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState>)

ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Action<TSource>)
ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState>)
ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64>)
ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64>)

ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TLocal>, Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,TLocal,TLocal>, Action<TLocal>)
ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>,
Func<TLocal>,
Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64,TLocal,TLocal>,
Action<TLocal>)
ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>,
ParallelOptions, Func<TLocal>,
Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,TLocal,TLocal>,
Action<TLocal>)
ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>,
ParallelOptions, Func<TLocal>,
Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64,TLocal,TLocal>,
Action<TLocal>)

用法一：Item

ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Action<TSource>)案例如下：

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

Parallel.ForEach(data, item => { Console.WriteLine(item); });

用法二：Item 、循环状态、带索引

ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64(索引)>)案例如下：

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

Parallel.ForEach(data, (item,loopstate,indexer )=>

{

    if(item == "three")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{indexer} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration（索引）:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{indexer}"  );

});

用法三：Item、带有并行选项、循环状态、索引

ForEach<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Action<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64>)案例如下：

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

ParallelOptions op = new();

op.TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;//默认的任务调度器

op.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 5;//并行度

op.CancellationToken=CancellationToken.None;//禁止取消

Parallel.ForEach(data, op, (item,loopstate,indexer )=>

{

    if(item == "zero")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{indexer} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{indexer}"  );

});

用法四：Item、带有并行选项、循环状态、线程本地变量

ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Func<TLocal>, Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,TLocal,TLocal>, Action<TLocal>)案例如下：

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

ParallelOptions op = new();

op.TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;//默认的任务调度器

op.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 5;//并行度

op.CancellationToken=CancellationToken.None;//禁止取消

//自行推断TSource,TLocal

Parallel.ForEach(data, op,

    ()=>"开始输出：",//初始化线程本地变量

    (item,loopstate,  TLocal) =>

{

    if(item == "zero")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

        return TLocal+ "=>Break";

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal}"  );

    return TLocal + "=>complete";

},

   local =>  Console.WriteLine(local) //输出线程本地变量

);

用法五：Item、带有并行选项、循环状态、索引、线程本地变量

ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>, ParallelOptions, Func<TLocal>, Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64,TLocal,TLocal>, Action<TLocal>)

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

ParallelOptions op = new();

op.TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;//默认的任务调度器

op.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 5;//并行度

op.CancellationToken=CancellationToken.None;//禁止取消

//自行推断TSource,TLocal

Parallel.ForEach(data, op,

    ()=>"开始输出：",//初始化线程本地变量

    (item,loopstate, index, TLocal) =>

{

    if(item == "zero")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

        return TLocal+ "=>Break";

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal}"  );

    return TLocal + "=>complete";

},

   local =>  Console.WriteLine(local) //输出线程本地变量

);

用法六：Item 、循环状态、线程本地变量

ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TLocal>, Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,TLocal,TLocal>, Action<TLocal>)案例如下：

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

//自行推断TSource,TLocal

Parallel.ForEach(data,

    ()=>"开始输出：",//初始化线程本地变量

    (item,loopstate,  TLocal) =>

{

    if(item == "zero")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

        return TLocal+ "=>Break";

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal}"  );

    return TLocal + "=>complete";

},

   local =>  Console.WriteLine(local) //输出线程本地变量

);

用法七：Item 、循环状态、索引、线程本地变量

ForEach<TSource,TLocal>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TLocal>, Func<TSource,ParallelLoopState,Int64,TLocal,TLocal>, Action<TLocal>)

string[] data = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten" };

//自行推断TSource,TLocal

Parallel.ForEach(data,

    ()=>"开始输出：",//初始化线程本地变量

    (item,loopstate,  TLocal，index) =>

{

    if(item == "zero")

    {

        loopstate.Break();

        Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal} ShouldExitCurrentIteration：{loopstate.ShouldExitCurrentIteration} LowestBreakIteration:{loopstate.LowestBreakIteration}");

        return TLocal+ "=>Break";

    }

    Console.WriteLine($"item:{item} index:{TLocal}"  );

    return TLocal + "=>complete";

},

   local =>  Console.WriteLine(local) //输出线程本地变量

);

Invoke

Invoke(Action[]) ：尽可能并行执行提供的每个操作。返回值Viod

Parallel.Invoke(

  () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf1"),

 () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf2"),

 () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf3")

);

Invoke(ParallelOptions, Action[]) ：执行所提供的每个操作，而且尽可能并行运行，除非用户取消了操作。返回值Viod

ParallelOptions op = new();

op.TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;//默认的任务调度器

op.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 5;//并行度

op.CancellationToken = CancellationToken.None;//禁止取消

Parallel.Invoke(

  () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf1"),

 () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf2"),

 () => Console.WriteLine("sfsfsdfsdf3")

);